Diversity Analysis of Endophytic Bacterial Microflora in Emilia sonchifolia (Linn.) DC on Illumina Mi Seq Platforms

Abstract

Bacterial endophytes inhabiting medicinal plants are less explored, but are diverse and play crucial roles in regulating growth and development of the host. Metagenomics using Illumina MiSeq platform facilitate whole community level characterization. The present study reports the diversity of bacterial endophytic microflora from the medicinal plant Emilia sonchifolia (Linn.) DC. Metagenomic analysis of medicinal plants leads to the identification of novel organisms or genes which will help the correlative elucidation of plant-microbe interactions. Effective sequences were amplified from 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 variable region. OTU analysis at different taxonomic level clearly catalogues two Phyla viz. Proteobacteria and Firmicutes which belonged to Gammaproteobacteria and Bacilli. In these classes five orders such as Enterobacteriales, Pseudomonadales, Xanthomonadales, Bacillales and Betaproteobacteriales were detected. Among these orders five families were identified in which the most predominant was Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonadeaceae while the other three families viz. Xanthomanadaceae, Planococcaceae and Burkholderiaceae were less represented. At genus level very less number of bacteria were identified while a bulk majority remained unclassified. Of the seven identified genus the most prominent one was Pseudomonas followed by Stenotrophomonas, Cronobacter, Lysinibacillus, Pantoea, Kluyvera and Pseudorhodoferax. At species level only two were identified vz. Pseudomonas otitidis and P.geniculate. Alpha diversity analysis using various statistical indices like Simpson and Shannon explains the diversity of microbiome. Next generation sequencing survey of DNA sample extracted from host plant through metagenomic data screening identified different endophytic bacteria which are difficult to grow in culture conditions.

Analysis of Endophyte Diversity of Rheum palmatum from Different Production Areas in Gansu Province of China and the Association with Secondary Metabolite

“…These two phyla were distributed in each sample, but their relative richness was different. Many studies have shown that Ascomycota and Proteobacteria were, respectively, the dominant phyla of fungal and bacterial endophytes in many plants [ 28 , 29 , 30 ]. At the genus level, dominant genera of endophytes and their relative richness was different, which may be caused by differences in altitude, mean annual precipitation, and mean annual temperature of different production areas, which may lead to differences in endophytic bacteria and fungi at the genus level [ 31 ].…”

Metagenomic insights into plant growth promoting genes inherent in bacterial endophytes of Emilia sonchifolia (Linn.) DC

“…Therefore, high throughput screening will reveal the role of endophytes in the biosynthetic potential of the host. During the biodiversity analysis, two different phyla identified from E. sonchifolia were Proteobacteria and Firmicutes (25).The present investigation on endophytic genes and their functional role unveiled the role of the endophyte in the plant growth promotion activity of this beneficial medicinal plant.…”

Functional annotation of genes associated with colonization and establishment of endophytes in Emilia sonchifolia (LINN.) DC

“…This plant was reported to have anti-in ammatory, cytotoxic and anti-tumorogenic properties in advanced research screenings (Shylesh andPadikkala, 2000, Essien et al, 2009). Biodiversity analysis of endophytic bacterial micro ora from E. sonchifolia indicated the diversity of bacterial micro ora associated with in this medicinally important plant (Urumbil and Anilkumar, 2020). Recent research on the isolated endophytes revealed their role in anti-in amamtory property of E. sonchifolia and was con rmed by in vitro and in vivo studies (Urumbil and Anilkumar, 2021).…”