Diversities of phthalate esters in suburban agricultural soils and wasteland soil appeared with urbanization in China

Kong, Shaofei; Ji, Yaqin; Liu, Lingling; Chen, Li; Zhao, Xueyan; Wang, Jiajun; Zhang, Bai; Sun, Zilin

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2012.06.017

Cited by 226 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The uptake of DEHP by nine types of greenhouse vegetable varied from 10.14 to 36.16 mg kg À1 (Fu and Du, 2011). The use of large amounts of agricultural plastic film and fertilizers containing PAEs in intensive vegetable cultivation might increase the health risk of PAEs through the food chain Pedersen et al, 2008;Kong et al, 2012). High levels of PAEs in agricultural soils have already been reported in the Pearl River Delta (Cai et al, 2005;Zeng et al, 2008;Zhang et al, 2009) and northeast China (Xu et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…As a result of their large-scale production and widespread application, PAEs can enter into the environment during the manufacture, use and disposal of plastics (Kong et al, 2012). Numerous studies have revealed the presence of PAEs in various environmental media such as water (Xie et al, 2007), air , sediments Srivastava et al, 2010) and soils (Ma et al, 2003;Zeng et al, 2008;Kong et al, 2012), and they have also been detected in epoxidized soybean oil, soft spreadable cheese, sauces, and peanut butter (Pedersen et al, 2008) and in many types of vegetable (Fu and Du, 2011). DnBP, DEHP, butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), diethyl phthalate (DEP) and diheptyl phthalate have endocrine disruptive effects in vivo (Hens and Caballos, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has classified dimethyl phthalate (DMP), DEP, DBP, BBP, DEHP and DnOP as priority environmental pollutants (USEPA, 2013). PAEs have become one of the most widespread classes of organic contaminants, which have attracted much attention on a global scale (Kong et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous studies have indicated that agricultural soils and vegetables have been contaminated by toxic pollutants (Gao et al, 2005). Some investigators have found that toxic pollutants such as heavy metals (Hu and Ding, 2009), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (Yin et al, 2008), persistent organic pollutants (POPs) (Gao et al, 2005), organochlorine pesticides (Tao et al, 2005) and PAEs are present in suburban agricultural soils (Chen et al, 2011;Xia et al, 2011;Kong et al, 2012). PAEs are among the most abundant semi-volatile organic chemicals found in Chinese soils .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The respective mean concentrations of DnBP and DEHP found in greenhouse soils were 1.63 and 1.96 mg kg À1 in Jinan, Shandong province (Meng et al, 1996), 0.60 and 0.63 mg kg À1 in Beijing (Ma et al, 2003), 15.5 and 4.61 mg kg À1 in Handan, Hebei province (Xu et al, 2008) and 0.21 and 1.48 mg kg À1 in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province (Chen et al, 2011). The concentrations of DnBP and DEHP in plastic film greenhouse and polytunnel soils may been influenced by differences in the use of irrigation, fertilizers and plastic film as well as meteorological conditions and external pollutant sources Cai et al, 2008;Kong et al, 2012). Soil PAEs can also lead to atmospheric or water pollution by evaporation, leaching, deposition and drainage (Xu et al, 2008;Zeng et al, 2009;Wang et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Soil contamination by phthalate esters in Chinese intensive vegetable production systems with different modes of use of plastic film

Wang

Luo

Teng

et al. 2013

Environmental Pollution

293

125

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a b s t r a c tThe concentrations of six priority phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in intensively managed suburban vegetable soils in Nanjing, east China, were analyzed using gas chromatographyemass spectrometry (GCeMS). The total PAE concentrations in the soils ranged widely from 0.15 to 9.68 mg kg À1 with a median value of 1.70 mg kg À1 , and di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP) were the most abundant phthalate esters. Soil PAE concentrations depended on the mode of use of plastic film in which PAEs were incorporated as plasticizing agents and both the plastic film and poultry manure appeared to be important sources of soil PAEs. Vegetables in rotation with flooded rice led to lower concentrations of PAEs in soil. The results indicate that agricultural plastic film can be an important source of soil PAE contamination and further research is required to fully elucidate the mechanisms of PAE contamination of intensive agricultural soils with different use modes of use of plastic film.Crown

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Soil contamination by phthalate esters in Chinese intensive vegetable production systems with different modes of use of plastic film

Wang

Luo

Teng

et al. 2013

Environmental Pollution

293

125

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Synthetische Kunststoffe (Plastik)

Braun

Amelung

2018

Bodengefährdende Stoffe: Bewertung ‐ Stoffdaten ‐ Ökotoxikologie ‐ Sanierung

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Jedes Jahr werden über 300 Mio t Plastik produziert. Es wird angenommen, dass hiervon bis zu 10 % in die Umwelt eingetragen werden wo Plastik aufgrund der hohen Persistenz akkumuliert. Hier fassen wir für Böden die wichtigsten Eintragspfade, Nachweismethoden, Gehalte sowie Reaktionen und Wirkung von Plastik zusammen. Dabei unterscheiden wir zwischen Nano‐ (<100 nm), kolloidalem (<1 µm), Mikro‐ (1 µm ‐5 mm), Meso‐ (5 ‐25 mm) und Makroplastik (>2,5 cm). Nano‐ bis Mikroplastik werden primär z.B. für Hygienemittel produziert oder entstehen sekundär durch Zerkleinerung. Sie reichern sich in der Nahrungskette an, doch ihre Gehalte in Böden sind aufgrund fehlender Analyseverfahren bislang weitgehend unbekannt. Die gefundenen Gehalte an vorwiegend Mikroplastik und größeren Plastikteilen variieren dagegen beträchtlich, von 0–627,000 Teilen m ‐3 im Abwasser, von <3 bis >1200 mg kg ‐1 Kompost oder 1000 bis 24,000 Teilen kg ‐1 Klärschlamm. Risiken bestehen deshalb v.a. für solche Böden, die bevorzugten Eintragspfaden ausgesetzt sind. Für eine Gesamtbewertung jedoch fehlen bislang verlässliche Grenzwerte.

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Occurrence of Phthalates in Sewage Sludge from Three Wastewater Treatment Plants in Istanbul, Turkey

Çifçi

Kinaci

Arikan

2013

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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Research Article Occurrence of Phthalates in Sewage Sludge from Three Wastewater Treatment Plants in Istanbul, TurkeyPhthalates are considered priority pollutants because of their potential adverse effects on ecosystems and human health. The objectives of this study were to determine the occurrence of five phthalates (DMP, DEP, DBP, BBP, and DEHP) in sewage sludge and to determine the seasonal variability of these contaminants at three (Bahçeşehir, Paşaköy, and Tuzla) full-scale municipal and domestic wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) in Istanbul, Turkey. Mass balance was also calculated for DEHP at Tuzla WWTP sludge treatment units. DMP, DEP, DBP, BBP, and DEHP concentrations in sewage sludge ranged from 1.4 to 2.7 mg/kg dry weight (dw), 1.1 to 2.8, 0.6 to 4.6, 2.8 to 6.2, 18 to 490 mg/kg dw, respectively. Phthalate concentrations from the Bahçeşehir and Paşaköy WWTPs met the limit (100 mg/kg dw) of Turkey national sludge regulation and the Europe Union draft of sludge directive for land application, whereas phthalate concentrations from Tuzla WWTP exceeded the maximum permissible concentration. Phthalate concentrations did not show seasonal variations for Bahçeşehir and Paşaköy WWTPs, which receive mainly household wastewater while some fluctuations were observed DEP, DBP, and DEHP at Tuzla WWTP which has a lot of industrial wastewater contribution. The mass balance showed that approximately 17% of DEHP in the primary and secondary sludge was removed by anaerobic digestion, while 43% returned back to the beginning of the WWTP and 40% remained in the dewatered sludge. This study suggests that phthalates in sludge from WWTPs with industrial wastewater contribution may limit the use of sludge for land application.

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Diversities of phthalate esters in suburban agricultural soils and wasteland soil appeared with urbanization in China

Cited by 226 publications

References 33 publications

Soil contamination by phthalate esters in Chinese intensive vegetable production systems with different modes of use of plastic film

Soil contamination by phthalate esters in Chinese intensive vegetable production systems with different modes of use of plastic film

Synthetische Kunststoffe (Plastik)

Occurrence of Phthalates in Sewage Sludge from Three Wastewater Treatment Plants in Istanbul, Turkey

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