Diversité génétique et variabilité  des caractères phénotypiques  chez les arbres forestiers

Kremer, A.

doi:10.1051/gse:19940708

Cited by 19 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This result is similar to those generally obtained for temperate forest tree species (Hamrick et a!., 1992;Kremer, 1994). The main difference between our study and others is that we defined a 'population' to consist of trees coming from the same geographical region.…”

Section: Geographical Differentiation In Ulmus Minorsupporting

confidence: 72%

Allozyme variation in Ulmus species from France: analysis of differentiation

Machon

Lefranc

Bilger³

et al. 1997

Heredity

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In the present paper, the geographical structure of genetic variation in three French elm taxa is described using electrophoretic data. For three species, Ulmus laei'is, U glabra and U minor, two kinds of analyses were performed. First, the genetic parameters (genetic diversity indices) of individuals sampled from naturally regenerating forest were compared to samples of cultivated ornamental trees. Secondly, when sample sizes were sufficient, the genetic parameters of trees sampled from different regions of France were compared to detect geographical differentiation. From these analyses, the ultimate aim was to offer recommendations concerning the conservation policies of the genetic resources of French elms. The heterozygosity of Ulmus x hollandica (the presumed hybrid between U minor and U glabra) was compared to its putative parent taxa to determine whether the hybrid harbours great levels of genetic variation. In spite of the ravaging effects of Dutch Elm disease in the past, all three species exhibit high levels of electrophoretic variation. The three species surveyed displayed similar levels of genetic diversity, proportions of polymorphic loci and levels of allelic diversity in trees harvested from naturally regenerated forests relative to cultivated ornamental trees. High levels of genetic diversity in U minor within geographical regions of France were detected, with only moderate levels of genetic differentiation detected between regions. Ulmus x hollandica is not more heterozygous than either of its parent species, suggesting that extant representatives of this taxon are the result of past and ongoing backcrosses with the parental taxa. Ongoing efforts to preserve the genetic variation still present in French elms should take advantage of their high levels of electrophoretic variation and target genetically distinct, vegetatively reproducing genotypes in their natural environment.

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Section: Geographical Differentiation In Ulmus Minorsupporting

confidence: 72%

Allozyme variation in Ulmus species from France: analysis of differentiation

Machon

Lefranc

Bilger³

et al. 1997

Heredity

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“…For widespread species distributed over large latitudinal or continental ranges, clear geographical clinal trends of variation have usually been found and important population differences have been observed that were attributed to environmental selection pressures. On the other hand, allozyme population surveys in widespread forest species have resulted in extremely low population differentiation (Hamrick et al, 1992;Kremer, 1994), although geographical patterns have been detected (Lagercrantz & Ryman, 1990) when rangewide studies were conducted. In contrast to phenotypic traits, geographical trends of variation in ailozyme frequencies have been attributed to evolutionary footprints (Strauss et a!., 1992), particularly recolonization routes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographical structure of gene diversity in Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. I. Monolocus patterns of variation

Kremer¹,

Zanetto²

1995

Heredity

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A gene diversity survey was conducted on a range-wide sample of 81 populations of Quercus petraea. Allele frequencies were calculated at 13 enzyme-coding loci, of which 11 were polymorphic. There was a clear discrepancy in the levels of diversity at loci controlling enzymes of primary metabolism compared with those involved in secondary metabolism, the latter being more variable than the former. Quercus petraea is a highly variable species as are other longlived widespread forest species: at the species level, the mean number of alleles per population was 4.77 and the expected heterozygosity 0.265. Populations from the central part of the natural range exhibited fewer alleles but higher heterozygosities than populations from the margins of the distribution. Significant correlations were observed between allele frequencies and longitude for most loci, resulting in a dma! variation of allele frequencies across a continental gradient. The patterns of geographical variation in allele frequencies and levels of diversity were interpreted as a consequence of postglacial migration pathways.

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“…Allelic richness is considered to be the most relevant criterion when studying population diversity [8,15,21]; some authors considered the preservation of alleles more important than the maintenance of allelic frequencies. So, for example, the Greek population showed the lower level of polymorphism (70.83%) but it is possible to detect a strong contribution to allelic richness in this population, since higher values for both measures have been obtained in other cases (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity of Pinus halepensis Mill. populations detected by RAPD loci

Gomez¹,

Alı́a²,

Bueno³

2001

Ann. For. Sci.

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-Genetic diversity of Pinus halepensis Mill. was analysed in nine populations (six Spanish populations and one each from Tunisia, France and Greece). Twenty four RAPD loci were amplified with 60 megagametophyte DNA samples from each population. Populations' contribution to Nei gene diversity and to allelic richness were calculated. Results showed higher within population genetic variation but also a G ST = 13.6% higher than those detected in previous studies with different nuclear markers. The results obtained suggests that RAPD markers are valuable for the estimation of genetic diversity in P. halepensis and for the study of the divergence among population, allowing to think that eastern Mediterranean populations of P. halepensis have undergone a different history from those of the western Mediterranean area. Pinus halepensis / RAPD / allelic richness / genetic diversityRésumé -Diversité génétique des populations de Pinus halepensis Mill. révélée par des loci RAPD. La diversité génétique de Pinus halepensis Mill. a été analysée dans six populations espagnoles et trois de Tunisie, de France et de Grèce. Vingt-quatre marqueurs RAPD ont été amplifiés avec l'ADN de 60 endospermes échantillonnés dans chaque population. La contribution des populations à l'indice de diversité génétique de Nei et à la richesse allélique a été calculée. Les résultats ont démontré l'existence d'une variation génétique intrapopulation plus grande et une valeur de G ST =13,6 % plus élevée que celles des études précédentes menées avec d'autres marqueurs. Les marqueurs RAPD se sont révélés efficaces pour l'évaluation de la diversité génétique chez le P. halepensis et pour l'étude de la différen-ciation entre populations. Les résultats obtenus suggèrent une histoire différente entre les populations de l'est et de l'ouest de la Méditer-ranée. Pinus halepensis / RAPD / richesse allélique / diversité génétique

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Diversité génétique et variabilité des caractères phénotypiques chez les arbres forestiers

Cited by 19 publications

References 9 publications

Allozyme variation in Ulmus species from France: analysis of differentiation

Allozyme variation in Ulmus species from France: analysis of differentiation

Geographical structure of gene diversity in Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. I. Monolocus patterns of variation

Genetic diversity of Pinus halepensis Mill. populations detected by RAPD loci

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