Diversité floristique et valeurs socio-économiques des pépinières suivant un transect phytogéographique au Burkina Faso (Afrique de l’Ouest)

Abstract

L’activité de pépinière est en plein essor dans les villes du Burkina Faso. Toutefois, cette activité demeure peu connue des habitants. L’objectif de notre étude était d’évaluer l’impact des secteurs phytogéographiques sur la diversité des espèces produites et la valeur socio-économique des pépinières du Burkina Faso. Pour une meilleure connaissance de ces pépinières, 166 pépinières ont été identifiées et étudiées à travers un inventaire floristique et une enquête semi-structurée. Trois cent vingt (320) espèces réparties en 84 familles et 226 genres ont été recensées. Au sud soudanien, les familles les plus représentées en termes d’espèces sont les Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae et Arecaceae. Au nord soudanien prédominent les Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae et Arecaceae. Au sahel prédominent les Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae et Malvacea. Les plantes sont majoritairement à usage ornemental ou destinées à la plantation pour la production de fruits et/ou le reboisement. Les pépinières individuelles prédominent dans nos zones d’étude et seraient les plus rentables. Les pépinières constituent une activité économique rentable et source d’emploi pour de nombreuses personnes. Dans les zones soudaniennes prédominent les espèces exotiques par rapport aux espèces locales. Ces résultats montrent l’importance de la valorisation des espèces locales.
 
 English title: Floristic diversity and socio-economic values of nurseries following a phytogeography transect in Burkina Faso (West Africa)
 The nursery activity is booming in the cities of Burkina Faso. However, this activity remains little known to the inhabitants. The objective of our study was to assess the impact of phytogeography sectors on the diversity of species produced and the socio-economic value of nurseries in Burkina Faso. In order to contribute to a better knowledge of these nurseries, 166 nurseries were identified and studied through a floristic inventory and a semistructured survey. Three hundred and twenty (320) species in 84 families and 226 genera have been recorded. In South Sudanese, the most represented families in terms of species are Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Arecaceae. in North Sudan the Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Arecaceae predominate. In Sahelian nurseries predominate the Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Malvacea. The plants are mainly for ornamental use or intended for planting for fruit production and/or reforestation. Individual nurseries predominate in our study areas and would be the most profitable. Nurseries are a profitable economic activity and a source of employment for many people. In Sudanian areas, exotic species predominate over local species. These results show the importance of valuing local species.

Availability of forest tree species in nurseries for domestic use and for reforestation in different climatic zones in Burkina Faso (West Africa)

“…Unfortunately, in several African countries, including Burkina Faso, there is a lack of interest among the local population of forest species. Populations seem more attracted to fruit plants for their courtyards (Traoré and Zongo, 2023). However, the cultivation of forest plants for reforestation purposes is crucial for forest restoration, the provision of ecosystem services, and large-scale climate change mitigation (Fargione et al, 2021).…”

“…The preference of horticulturists for non-local species is highlighted by their choice to invest primarily in the production of local plants only during the rainy season, corresponding to the reforestation period. Thus, the demand for forest tree species, although present, contributes to the diversification of species in nurseries and is often linked to reforestation initiatives (Traoré and Zongo, 2023). The entire process reflects the complexity of interactions between local biodiversity, nursery practices, and consumer preferences.…”

“…Seedlings are produced according to the needs expressed by local populations in order to earn more money. Thus, the majority of species produced in nurseries are exotic plants mostly used for ornamentation purpose as observation at the Sudanian zone in nurseries of Bobo-Dioulasso (Traoré and Zongo, 2023). The production of forest tree species mainly during rainy season for domestic use and for reforestation participates to the diversification of species in nurseries.…”

“…In Central Africa, a study on the production of rural nursery showed that forest plant species produced in nurseries provide nontimber forest products (NTFPs) of high economic, social and cultural value to rural populations (Tabuna et al, 2009). In addition, studies carried out on the cultivation of plant species in nurseries of some cities in Burkina Faso show that nurseries have great socio-economic importance (Korbéogo, 2016;Traoré and Zongo, 2023). Furthermore, the expansion of nurseries in cities with forest tree species produced there, strongly contributes to the regeneration of forest ecosystems and offers considerable potential for sustainable development and management of natural resources, particularly forestry (CIFOR, 2004).…”