Diversiform electrical and thermal expansion properties of (1 − x)Ba0.95Ca0.05Ti0.94Zr0.06O3–(x)Dy lead-free piezoelectric ceramics influenced by defect complexes

Piezoelectricity and Thermophysical Properties of Ba0.90Ca0.10Ti0.96Zr0.04O3 Ceramics Modified with Amphoteric Nd3+ and Y3+ Dopants

“…Ceramic samples with a composition of Ba 0.90 Ca 0.10 Ti 0.96 Zr 0.04 O 3 -0.05 mol%Nd- x Y (abbreviated as BCTZ-NY x , x = 0, 0.06, 0.12, 0.18, 0.24, and 0.30 mol%) were synthesised via a conventional solid-state reaction with BCTZ-NY x nanoparticles that were prepared by a modified Pechini polymeric precursor method. Y(NO 3 ) 3 ·6H 2 O, Ba(CH 3 COO) 2 , Ti(OC 4 H 9 ) 4 , Ca(NO 3 ) 2 ·4H 2 O, Zr(NO 3 ) 4 ·5H 2 O, Nd(NO 3 ) 3 ·6H 2 O, citric acid, and ethylene glycol were used as the main raw materials to synthesise the as-prepared nanoparticles, and the details of the synthesis may be found in our previous reports [ 16 , 26 ]. With a little 2.0 wt.% polyvinyl alcohol water solution, the as-prepared nanoparticles were mixed uniformly and pressed at 150 MPa pressure into green pellets uniaxially.…”