Diversification of Sisorid catfishes (Teleostei: Siluriformes) in relation to the orogeny of the Himalayan Plateau

Convergent selection pressures drive the evolution of rhodopsin kinetics at high altitudes via nonparallel mechanisms

“…The resulting alignment, along with the established multigene sisorid species tree (Zhou et al. ), were used in PAML analyses (see Fig. S1; Methods).…”

“…; Zhou et al. ). The Andean catfish phylogenetic relationships were those constructed in our previous study using Bayesian and maximum‐likelihood methods to derive a well‐supported consensus topology (Castiglione et al.…”

“…Both the Andean and Himalayan groups speciated during mountainous uplift (Schaefer ; Zhou et al. ), and display a striking morphological convergence that has evolved in response to rapidly flowing high‐gradient headwaters (Guo et al. ; Peng et al.…”

“…High-altitude catfish specialists, glyptosternoids and Astroblepus, occupy the Himalayan and the Andes mountains, respectively, and are distantly related, having diverged approximately 118 million years ago (Hedges et al 2015). Both the Andean and Himalayan groups speciated during mountainous uplift (Schaefer 2011;Zhou et al 2016), and display a striking morphological convergence that has evolved in response to rapidly flowing highgradient headwaters (Guo et al 2005;Peng et al 2006;Lujan and Conway 2015). Unlike the closely related altitude generalists of each region (Guo et al 2005;Peng et al 2006;Schaefer et al 2011), both Andean and Himalayan specialists are restricted to high altitudes, likely due to temperature-related physiological constraints Ma et al 2016).…”

Cyprininae phylogeny revealed independent origins of the Tibetan Plateau endemic polyploid cyprinids and their diversifications related to the Neogene uplift of the plateau

“…Massive alterations of environment associated with the Late Oligocene-Early Miocene uplift of the Tibetan Plateau (≈25-17 Mya), including replacement of tropical/subtropical rain forest by semi-humid/ semi-arid forest in the Southern Tibet, might be a result of the climatic change from the warm, dry climate of the Oligocene to moderately cool and wet conditions at the beginning of the early Miocene, followed by progressive cooling and drying (Wu et al, 2008). The interpretation of relating the Oligocene-Miocene origin (24-19 Mya) of the sisorid catfishes typical of the Tibetan Plateau to the Tibetan uplift contributed to the hypothesis that speciation of the Tibetan lineages might have been promoted by the significant environmental and habitat heterogeneity associated with the Early Miocene uplift of the Himalayas (Guo et al, 2005;Zhou et al, 2016). Therefore, we proposed that the Early Miocene diversification of stem groups of the schizothoracine fishes agree with this hypothesis and the adaptive radiation can be regarded as connections of environment and habitat response to the Early Miocene uplift of the Himalaya and Southern Tibet.…”