Diversification of Caiophora (Loasaceae subfam. Loasoideae) during the uplift of the Central Andes

Strelin, Marina Micaela; Fliesswasser, Stella; Ackermann, Markus

doi:10.1007/s13127-016-0312-4

Cited by 10 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…The posterior probability of pollination modes is represented on each node. This information was obtained from Strelin et al (). The root of the phylogeny is indicated with a polygon…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Andean genus Caiophora (Loasaceae, subfam. Loasoideae) is monophyletic and radiated recently into more than 50 species (Ackermann & Weigend, 2006;Strelin et al, 2017). Adaptation to vertebrate pollination (Ackermann & Weigend, 2006;Strelin, Benitez-Vieyra, Ackermann, et al, 2016), in concert with the uplift of different Andean mountain ranges, may have triggered this radiation (Strelin et al, 2017).…”

Section: Study Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The adaptive radiation in Caiophora involved at least one transition from the ancestral condition of bee‐ to hummingbird‐pollination, one transition from hummingbird‐ to small rodent‐pollination, and at least one reversion from hummingbird‐ to bee‐pollination (Strelin, Arroyo, Fliesswasser, & Ackermann, ). These transitions were accompanied by changes in flower morphology (Strelin, Benitez‐Vieyra, Ackermann, & Cocucci, ), and took place during the last 10 Myr (most of them took place during the last 5 Myr), following the uplift of different Andean mountain ranges (Strelin et al, ). This suggests rapid diversification of the genus responding to Andean orogeny and the concomitant changes in the pollination environment (Strelin et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These transitions were accompanied by changes in flower morphology (Strelin, Benitez‐Vieyra, Ackermann, & Cocucci, ), and took place during the last 10 Myr (most of them took place during the last 5 Myr), following the uplift of different Andean mountain ranges (Strelin et al, ). This suggests rapid diversification of the genus responding to Andean orogeny and the concomitant changes in the pollination environment (Strelin et al, ). Ontogenetic scaling cannot account for the evolution of floral shapes in Caiophora , and there is evidence that significant departures from the ancestral pattern of flower ontogenetic allometry accompanied this diversification (Strelin, Benitez‐Vieyra, Fornoni, Klingenberg, & Cocucci, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(b) The allometric space, in which each of the allometries is represented by a single point. Because the allometries in this simplified example only involve a single aspect of shape (elongation versus shortening/widening, the vertical axis in panel [a]), they occupy only one dimension in the allometric space (no variation along axis 2) This suggests rapid diversification of the genus responding to Andean orogeny and the concomitant changes in the pollination environment (Strelin et al, 2017). Ontogenetic scaling cannot account for the evolution of floral shapes in Caiophora, and there is evidence that significant departures from the ancestral pattern of flower ontogenetic allometry accompanied this diversification (Strelin, Benitez-Vieyra, Fornoni, Klingenberg, & Cocucci, 2016).…”

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confidence: 99%

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The evolution of floral ontogenetic allometry in the Andean genus Caiophora (Loasaceae, subfam. Loasoideae)

Strelin

Benitez‐Vieyra

Fornoni

et al. 2017

Evolution and Development

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The astounding variety of angiosperm flower morphologies has evolved in response to many selective forces. Flower development is highly coordinated and involves developmental associations between size and shape, ontogenetic allometry, which in turn affect the morphology of mature flowers. Although ontogenetic allometries can act as a developmental constraint and may influence adaptive evolution, allometries can evolve themselves and may change rapidly in response to selection. We explored the evolution of ontogenetic allometry in the flowers of 11 species of Loasoideae. Seven species belong to Caiophora, which radiated recently in the central Andes, and contains species that are pollinated by bees, hummingbirds, and small rodents.According to a previous study, the diversification of Caiophora involved departures from simple allometric scaling, but the changes to allometry that enabled flower diversification have not been explored yet. We characterized the ontogenetic allometry of each species with the methods of geometric morphometrics. We studied the evolution of allometries by constructing allometric spaces, in which the allometry of each species is represented by a point and the arrangement of points indicates the relations among allometric trajectories. To examine the history of changes of ontogenetic allometries, we projected the phylogeny into the allometric spaces. Inspection of allometric spaces suggests that ontogenetic variation is limited to a few dominant features. The allometries of the two main functional flower parts under study differ in their evolutionary labilities, and patterns of variation reflect pollination systems, differences in structural organization, and abiotic environmental factors.

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“…The posterior probability of pollination modes is represented on each node. This information was obtained from Strelin et al (). The root of the phylogeny is indicated with a polygon…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%