Diversidade de predadores em coentro, endro e funcho sob manejo orgânico

Abstract

RESUMOEspécies vegetais da família Apiaceae podem proporcionar recursos vitais para insetos predadores de pragas agrícolas, promovendo sua eficiência como agentes de controle biológico devido à oferta de recursos como sítios de refúgio, proteção e alimentação. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atração de insetos predadores pelas apiáceas coentro (Coriandrum sativum L.), endro (Anethum graveolens L.) e funcho (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). O experimento foi conduzido no campus da Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG, em blocos completos ao acaso, com três tratamentos e quatro repetições. Coletas semanais foram realizadas por meio de batida das plantas em bandejas, sendo os predadores aspirados e acondicionados em frascos com álcool 70%. Determinaramse a curva do coletor, a riqueza de espécies, o índice de diversidade de Shannon-Wienner e o índice de similaridade (análise de Cluster). O funcho apresentou maior índice de Shannon-Wienner (H' = 1,104) e riqueza, enquanto o coentro mostrou maior abundância, sobretudo para a espécie Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), um importante predador de tripes em hortaliças. Outras espé-cies predadoras de pragas de hortaliças foram encontradas, de maneira geral, em todas as apiáceas, destacando-se os adultos e larvas de coccinelídeos, importantes predadores de pulgões. A análise de Cluster indicou maior similaridade entre funcho e endro (55,03%). O período de floração promoveu considerável aumento na abundância de predadores, sobretudo no coentro. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:Coriandrum sativum L., Anethum graveolens L., Foeniculum vulgare Mill., predadores generalistas, recursos. ABSTRACT DIVERSITY OF PREDATORS IN CORIANDER, DILL AND FENNEL UNDER ORGANIC MANAGEMENT. Species of plants of the Apiaceae family can provide vital resources for predatorsof agricultural pests, boosting their efficiency as biological control agents, because they allow their maintenance in the environment by offering features such as sites of refuge, protection and food. The present study was aimed to evaluate the attraction of predator insects by 3 Apiaceae species, namely coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), dill (Anethum graveolens L.) and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). The bioassay was conducted on the campus of UFLA (MG) in a randomized block design with 3 treatments and 4 replications. Weekly collections were carried out by beating the plants on white plastic trays, aspirating the predators and packing them into bottles with 70% alcohol. Determinations were made of the collector curve, the species richness, the Shannon-Wienner diversity index and the index of similarity (cluster analysis). The fennel had a higher richness and Shannon-Wienner index (H' = 1.104), while the coriander was more abundant, especially for the species Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), a major predator of thrips in vegetables. Other predatory species of vegetable pests were found, generally, on all Apiaceae, especially adults and larvae of coccinellids, which are important predators of aphids. Cl...

Companion plants associated with kale increase the abundance and species richness of the natural-enemies of Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

“…This specificity explains the decrease in parasitoid density during P2, which occurred because of the decline in the L. erysimi population within this period (Figure 4). The results obtained herein indicate that the relative abundance and species richness of the natural enemies of L. erysimi vary according to the phenology (vegetative, flowering and senescence phases) of the companion plants, thus confirming previous reports relating to species of the families Asteraceae and Apiaceae (Silveira et al, 2009;Resende et al, 2012). In general, insect populations change over time according to the availability of food resources, microclimate and shelter offered by the host plants, and these elements clearly favored the continuous richness and addition of species during the present study.…”

Growth, production and nutrients in coriander cultivated with biofertilizer

“…The plant is a good source of calcium, iron, vitamin C and pro-vitamin A (Melo et al, 2009). In addition, it is a host of predators which control populations of phytophagous pests of vegetables (Resende et al, 2012).…”

Cascading effects of combining synthetic herbivore‐induced plant volatiles with companion plants to manipulate natural enemies in an agro‐ecosystem

“…77,78 Thrips are also suitable prey for minute pirate bugs. 79,80 For instance, Resende et al 53 associated low abundance of various thrips species, including Frankliniella sp., Haplothrips gowdeyi Franklin, Thrips tabaci Lindeman, and Neohydatothrips sp., in coriander to high abundance of O. insidiosus. The effects of our manipulative treatments on leaf beetles are less clear.…”

“…Coriander emits volatiles throughout all vegetative stages, which are known to be attractive to natural enemies . In addition, coriander flowers provide a source of nutrient (nectar and pollen) to natural enemies . Coriander seeds were purchased from Horticeres Sementes Ltda.…”

“…[50][51][52] In addition, coriander flowers provide a source of nutrient (nectar and pollen) to natural enemies. 49,53 Coriander seeds were purchased from Horticeres Sementes Ltda. (Indaiatuba, SP, Brazil).…”