Diversidade alimentar de crianças indígenas de dois municípios da Amazônia Ocidental brasileira

Abstract

Resumo Objetivou-se explorar a prática alimentar das crianças indígenas de zero a dois anos, residentes nos municípios de Cruzeiro do Sul e Mâncio Lima no Acre. Realizou-se estudo transversal com crianças indígenas das etnias Katukina (Cruzeiro do Sul), Nukini, Nawa e Poyanawa (Mâncio Lima) em outubro de 2013. Utilizou-se um questionário estruturado sobre o consumo alimentar do dia anterior à coleta, baseado nos indicadores alimentares propostos pelo Ministério da Saúde. Estudou-se 94 crianças (50% da etnia Katukina, 27% Poyanawa, 13% Nukini e 10% da Nawa). As crianças menores de 6 meses de idade, apesar da maioria receber leite materno, 42,1% delas consumiam água, 15,8% comida de sal e 11,1% preparados típicos da região. Nas faixas de idade de 6 a 12 meses e 13 a 23 meses identificou-se um alto consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados (52,6% e 28,6% respectivamente) enquanto que o consumo de alimentos complementares relevou-se insuficiente (33% de frutas e 25% de comida de sal na faixa de 6 a 13 meses e 41,2% de frutas e 19,6% de comida de sal na faixa de 13 a 23 meses). O perfil alimentar das crianças indígenas mostrou-se inadequado para a idade, refletindo uma situação preocupante na saúde infantil desta população.

Prevalence of breastfeeding among indigenous peoples of the Triple Frontier: Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay

“…The recognition of breast milk as the best food for the child was identified in 98% of indigenous Mayan mothers in Mexico. 15 Although breastfeeding is considered part of the culture of indigenous peoples, it is known that colonialism negatively influenced the transmission of women's ancestral knowledge about breastfeeding. 16 An increasing trend in the use of formula in indigenous children's feeding has been detected over the years.…”

“…16 An increasing trend in the use of formula in indigenous children's feeding has been detected over the years. 15 In indigenous children under six months of age, mixed breastfeeding is observed in 32.7% and the use of formula in 12.9%, 13 with water consumption in 42.1%, 15.8% salt food, and 11.1% typical preparations. 17 There are reports in the literature that indigenous women with higher education, 14 older 15 and better economic conditions have a tendency to maintain EBF.…”

“…15 In indigenous children under six months of age, mixed breastfeeding is observed in 32.7% and the use of formula in 12.9%, 13 with water consumption in 42.1%, 15.8% salt food, and 11.1% typical preparations. 17 There are reports in the literature that indigenous women with higher education, 14 older 15 and better economic conditions have a tendency to maintain EBF. 11 Regarding the route of childbirth, there is divergence among studies, with the identification of late initiation of EB in women who underwent a cesarean section compared to women who had vaginal delivery; and greater use of milk formulas, 15 while in other studies it is reported that cesarean section does not influence EB in indigenous women.…”

“…17 There are reports in the literature that indigenous women with higher education, 14 older 15 and better economic conditions have a tendency to maintain EBF. 11 Regarding the route of childbirth, there is divergence among studies, with the identification of late initiation of EB in women who underwent a cesarean section compared to women who had vaginal delivery; and greater use of milk formulas, 15 while in other studies it is reported that cesarean section does not influence EB in indigenous women. 12,15 It is also reported that ethnicity can influence early weaning.…”

“…11 Regarding the route of childbirth, there is divergence among studies, with the identification of late initiation of EB in women who underwent a cesarean section compared to women who had vaginal delivery; and greater use of milk formulas, 15 while in other studies it is reported that cesarean section does not influence EB in indigenous women. 12,15 It is also reported that ethnicity can influence early weaning. 17 deficit (SD) among those who do not receive the minimum amount of daily meals.…”