Diversidad Morfológica Y Agronómica De Maíces Nativos Del Altiplano De Tamaulipas, México

González-Martínez, Javier; Rocandio‐Rodríguez, Mario; Contreras-Toledo, Aremi R.; Cancino, Santiago Joaquín; Vanoye‐Eligio, Venancio; Chacón-Hernández, Julio C.; Hernández-Bautista, Aurelio

doi:10.35196/rfm.2020.4.361

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…We selected eleven native maize populations, each one representative of each race of maize grown in the state of Tamaulipas, Mexico [ 3 , 49 , 50 ]. The seeds were provided by the Germplasm Bank of the Institute of Applied Ecology, Autonomous University of Tamaulipas ( Table 10 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These maize races present genetic diversity related to their biological and anthropocentric processes, their selection, their adaptation, and the cultivation of different niches and ecological biotypes in various socioeconomic conditions, which has generated a wide diversity of maize. This is a fundamental feature of programs and strategies to improve agricultural challenges [ 2 , 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Resistance of Eleven Maize Races (Zea mays L.) to the Red Spider Mite (Tetranychus merganser, Boudreaux)

Rocandio‐Rodríguez

Torres-Castillo

Juárez-Aragón

et al. 2022

Plants

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At least 59 maize races (Zea mays L.) have been registered in Mexico. The feeding damage caused by insects and mites to maize crops generates up to ~30% of maize yield losses. Spider-mite-resistant plants are needed. The red spider mite, Tetranychus merganser Boudreaux (Acari: Tetranychidae), is distributed in the United States, China, Mexico, and Thailand. It is considered a potential pest in Mexican agriculture. The aim of this study was to evaluate the resistance mechanisms (antixenosis and antibiosis) of 11 native maize populations, representative of each race of maize grown in Tamaulipas, Mexico, to T. merganser under laboratory conditions. The aim was also to obtain information on the chemical composition and some morphological characteristics of these maize races and to identify resistant maize races for incorporation into a breeding program. Antixenosis was assessed by non-preference for oviposition and feeding. Antibiosis was measured by growth rate (ri). The presence of secondary metabolites in the 11 maize races were different. In the 11 maize races, quantitative analysis of total phenol concentration, total flavonoid concentration, and antioxidant capacity were significantly different. The multivariate analysis of variance showed that there is evidence of antixenosis noted by maize race differences in egg laying and percentage feeding damage but not of antibiosis noted by growth rate. Red spider mites laid significantly more eggs on the Celaya (24 h: 25.67 ± 17.04, 48 h: 42.67 ± 26.86, 72 h: 49.33 ± 28.54) race than on Raton (24 h: 7.00 ± 5.00, 48 h: 12.67 ± 8.02, 72 h: 14.67 ± 9.29) and Elotes Occidentales × Tuxpeño (24 h: 9.67 ± 5.85, 48 h: 15.33 ± 10.69, 72 h: 17.67 ± 10.97) races. However, the growth rate and mortality of T. merganser in the 11 corn races were similar. The Vandeño (24 h: 11.67 ± 2.89, 48 h: 27.67 ± 7.64, 72 h: 30.00 ± 18.03) and Tabloncillo × Tuxpeño (24 h: 18.33 ± 7.64, 48 h: 25.00 ± 8.66, 72 h: 25.00 ± 8.66) races were the most resistant to red spider mite damage, whereas the most susceptible race was Celaya (24 h: 26.67 ± 15.28, 48 h: 48.33 ± 29.30, 72 h: 65.00 ± 30.00). Further analysis by PCA at 24, 48, and 72 h found the Celaya race positively correlated to growth rate and oviposition of T. merganser and to a lesser extent with the percentage of feeding damage, suggesting that the Celaya race was most susceptible to T. merganser. At 24 h, the Vandeño race was most resistant, given a negative correlation to growth rate and oviposition by T. merganser. The PCA at 48 and 72 h noted the Elotes Occidentales × Tuxpeño race was most resistant to red spider mite, with negative relationships to growth rate and oviposition and, to a lesser extent, to feeding damage. This resistance is due to the differences in both its morphological characteristics and the secondary metabolites present in their leaves.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Resistance of Eleven Maize Races (Zea mays L.) to the Red Spider Mite (Tetranychus merganser, Boudreaux)

Rocandio‐Rodríguez

Torres-Castillo

Juárez-Aragón

et al. 2022

Plants

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“…We did not find published reports about groupings of Mexican maize diversity in the function of phenolic variables in grains. However, several studies aimed at the analysis of maize diversity using morphological and agronomic traits have been conducted in landraces with white [45] or pigmented grains [46]. The use of molecular genetic markers (SSRs or Microsatellites) to measure maize diversity has occurred in studies from other countries [9].…”

Section: Hierarchical Analysis and Principal Component Analysis Of Bl...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Traits and Phenolic Compound Diversity in Maize Accessions with Blue-Purple Grain (Zea mays L.) of Mexican Races

Salinas-Moreno,

Santillán-Fernández,

de la Torre

et al. 2024

Agriculture

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Consumer interest in foods enriched with phytochemical compounds for health benefits has prompted plant breeders to focus on developing new cultivars with an enhanced content of specific compounds. Studies regarding the exploration of germplasms of species of great economic importance, such as maize, could be useful in this task. This study aimed to assess the physical grain traits and phenolic compound variations (including anthocyanins, flavonoids, and proanthocyanidins) in blue-purple maize accessions from various Mexican races. We examined 207 accessions from 21 Mexican maize races, evaluating physical grain traits such as weight of one hundred grains (W100G), endosperm type (ET), pigment location, and grain color. Phenolic composition analysis encompassed total soluble phenolics (TSP), total anthocyanin content (TAC), flavonoids (FLAV), and proanthocyanidins (PAs). The predominant endosperm type was floury, with W100G values indicating a large grain size and the pigment primarily located in the aleurone layer. Among phenolic composition variables, only TSP exhibited a normal distribution, while others skewed towards the left side. A hierarchical analysis of phenolic composition data revealed three distinct groups comprising different numbers of Mexican varieties, with TAC proving the most effective for grouping. Our comprehensive exploration of maize diversity featuring blue-purple grain coloration has led to the identification of novel maize varieties with outstanding phenolic contents.

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“…These results indicate that there is wide diversity in yield components and agronomic traits, due to the effect of the environment, genotypes, their interaction and the use of divergent varieties as parents of intervarietal crosses. The use of genetic diversity allows to identify favourable alleles for genetic improvement (Barrera-Guzmán et al, 2020;González-Martínez et al, 2020); get to know alternative heterotic patterns (Carena, 2005), which can be exploited for the development of varieties with higher productive potential and wider adaptation (Eze et al, 2020;Velasco-García et al, 2019).…”

Section: Analysis Of Variancementioning

confidence: 99%

INTERVARIETAL CROSSES, AN ALTERNATIVE FOR INCREASING YELLOW MAIZE (Zea mays L.) PRODUCTION IN VARIABLE ENVIRONMENTS

Juárez

Santacruz-Várela

González

et al. 2022

agro

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In Mexico, maize (Zea mays L.) is grown under rainfed conditions within immensurable number of variable environments that limit production. To cope with these adversities, genotypes of different genetic constitution have been generated, such as intervarietal crosses; however, knowledge of the yield potential of those crosses in variable environments is limited. The objective of the study was to determine the yield potential of intervarietal crosses of yellow maize in environments of high-valley lands in central Mexico, as well as the components that influence yield under the hypothesis that intervarietal crosses are equal in yield to conventional hybrids. Crosses, open-pollinated parental varieties and commercial controls were evaluated in a randomized complete block design. Fifteen agronomic variables and yield components were measured. A combined analysis of variance and comparison of means (Tukey, p ≤ 0.05) were applied, and Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated. The analysis of variance detected statistical differences in all the factors of variation in most of the evaluated variables. The intervarietal crosses performed statistically equal to the controls but superior to the parents. The crosses excelled in ear diameter and ear length, total weight of grains in the ear, 100-grain weight, grain length, grain width, plant height, ear height, shelling corn coefficient and prolificacy index. In 23 crosses, the genotype × environment interaction effect was not significant. Intervarietal crosses have yield potential compared to conventional hybrids. Ear and grain traits had the greatest influence on yield. Intervarietal crosses represent an alternative to increase yield and production of yellow maize in the high-valley lands of central Mexico.

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Diversidad Morfológica Y Agronómica De Maíces Nativos Del Altiplano De Tamaulipas, México

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Evaluation of Resistance of Eleven Maize Races (Zea mays L.) to the Red Spider Mite (Tetranychus merganser, Boudreaux)

Evaluation of Resistance of Eleven Maize Races (Zea mays L.) to the Red Spider Mite (Tetranychus merganser, Boudreaux)

Physical Traits and Phenolic Compound Diversity in Maize Accessions with Blue-Purple Grain (Zea mays L.) of Mexican Races

INTERVARIETAL CROSSES, AN ALTERNATIVE FOR INCREASING YELLOW MAIZE (Zea mays L.) PRODUCTION IN VARIABLE ENVIRONMENTS

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