Diverse Variability of Surface Chlorophyll During the Evolution of Gulf Stream Rings

Ning, Jue; Chen, Ke; Gaube, Peter

doi:10.1029/2020gl091461

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…This CE appears reasonably close to the coast, near the limits of coastal processes for several of the satellite data products used. EKE values suggest that this CE was a cold‐core Gulf Stream ring, which are known for their high EKE and productivity (Gangopadhyay et al., 2019; Kang & Curchitser, 2013; Lai & Richardson, 1977; Leterme & Pingree, 2008; Ning et al., 2021). While SLA, EKE, and Chl‐a are notably high within this eddy, the SST and SSS values inside the eddy appear largely unremarkable compared to those surrounding it, which is not unusual for a Gulf Stream ring.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

MESI: A Multiparameter Eddy Significance Index

Roman‐Stork

Byrne

Leuliette

2023

Earth and Space Science

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In this study, we introduce the Multiparameter Eddy Significance Index (MESI) for use in conjunction with mesoscale eddy tracking to estimate the impact of mesoscale eddies on the upper ocean and marine ecosystems. MESI combines blended satellite observations of sea level anomalies, sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity, and ocean color chlorophyll‐a and is a normalized index. When used in conjunction with mesoscale eddy tracking, MESI can highlight those eddies which extend into the deeper ocean and have a greater effect on nutrient cycling. Preliminary analysis in the Gulf Stream region of the western North Atlantic shows that MESI covaries with model estimates of nitrate, phosphate, iron, and pH with cross‐correlation values between 76% and 95%. These results suggest that when MESI is used in concert with eddy tracking, it can be used as an indicator of eddies and areas that are more likely to impact nutrient cycling in the upper ocean. An additional analysis of MESI values inside eddies during Hurricane Dorian (2019) along the Carolina coast further suggests that MESI is most effective when used to enhance eddy tracking as it provides valuable insight into mesoscale eddy activity and the upper ocean circulation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

MESI: A Multiparameter Eddy Significance Index

Roman‐Stork

Byrne

Leuliette

2023

Earth and Space Science

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“…Satellite chlorophyll measurements could miss some of the impact that WCRs have on the shelf/slope chlorophyll. Surface chlorophyll anomalies within rings have also been shown to have inconsistent responses to the rings (Ning et al., 2021).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Warm Core Rings on Middle Atlantic Bight Shelf Temperature and Shelf Break Velocity

2022

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Warm Core Rings (WCRs) are known to disrupt the shelf flow as well as drive strong heat transport onto the Middle Atlantic Bight shelf. We examine 27 rings sampled by the container ship Oleander, 16 rings which have in‐situ velocity data and 11 rings identified from satellite sea surface height but with in‐situ temperature data, to study the variability in rings' impact on shelf break velocities and on the temperature of the adjacent shelf. WCRs that have higher rotational velocities and are closer to the shelf are found to exert greater influence on the along‐shelf velocities, with the fastest and closest rings reversing the direction of flow at the shelf break. As rings approach the study site, the Shelfbreak Jet is faster than when the rings are about to exit the study site, likely due to first steepening then flattening of the isopycnals at the Shelfbreak Front. Rings also have lasting impacts on the shelf temperature: rings with faster rotational velocities cool the shelf and rings with slower rotational velocities warm the shelf. The evolution of temperature on the shelf as a ring passes is strongly tied to the season. During warmer seasons, when temperature stratification on the shelf is strong, a ring cools the shelf; during periods of weak thermal stratification, rings tend to warm the shelf. Rings which cool the shelf are additionally associated with increased upwelling as they pass the study site.

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“…Mesoscale eddies are ubiquitous and play fundamental roles in physical‐biological‐biogeochemical interactions in the ocean (McGillicuddy, 2016). Their importance in transporting and redistributing nutrients has been long recognized (e.g., Chen et al., 2020; Ning et al., 2021; Wang et al., 2021), while the existing observed nitrate profiles are not enough to resolve the effects of most eddies. The temperature and salinity profiles are much more than nitrate profiles, and a few studies have applied the Core Argo observed profiles to investigate the effects of mesoscale eddies on heat transport (e.g., Ning et al., 2019; Zhang et al., 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Nitrate and Potential Density in the Ocean South of 30°S

Wang

Xing

et al. 2022

JGR Oceans

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As a main source of nitrate for the pycnocline in the global ocean, the ocean south of 30°S plays a pivotal role in the global marine biogeochemical cycle. Nitrate in the pycnocline often shows a more stable relationship with density than with depth. Hence, it is important to understand the nitrate structure and its relationship with density in the ocean south of 30°S. In the present study, the nitrate‐density relationship and the mechanisms for its variability are studied based on the data from more than 60,000 profiles. Through analysis, we find that nitrate is approximately linearly correlated with potential density in the nitracline, except for the western boundary current zones. The upper bounds of the nitracline depend on the mixed layer and euphotic layer depth. The lower bounds are related to the depth of maximum nitrate, which mainly vary meridionally with sharp changes near the Subantarctic Front. The diapycnal gradients of nitrate also show meridional variability, with large magnitudes corresponding to thick Subantarctic Mode Water, low diapycnal mixing in the nitracline, and high biological uptake in the euphotic layer. The nitrate‐density relationship can be applied to predict nitrate concentrations based on the observed temperature and salinity profiles and support some detailed studies on the physical‐biogeochemical interactions. Two examples show that the predicted nitrate data could help better resolve the effects of ocean circulations and mesoscale eddies on nitrate than the existing observed nitrate profiles.

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Diverse Variability of Surface Chlorophyll During the Evolution of Gulf Stream Rings

Cited by 8 publications

References 50 publications

MESI: A Multiparameter Eddy Significance Index

MESI: A Multiparameter Eddy Significance Index

The Impact of Warm Core Rings on Middle Atlantic Bight Shelf Temperature and Shelf Break Velocity

The Relationship Between Nitrate and Potential Density in the Ocean South of 30°S

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