Diverse stem cells for periodontal tissue formation and regeneration

Abstract

Summary The periodontium is comprised of multiple units of mineralized and nonmineralized tissues including the cementum on the root surface, the alveolar bone, periodontal ligament (PDL), and the gingiva. PDL contains a variety of cell populations including mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs) termed PDLSCs, which contribute to periodontal regeneration. Recent studies utilizing mouse genetic models shed light on the identities of these mesenchymal progenitors in their native environment, particularly regarding how they contribute to homeostasis and repair of the periodontium. The current concept is that mesenchymal progenitors in the PDL are localized to the perivascular niche. Single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) analyses reveal heterogeneity and cell‐type specific markers of cells in the periodontium, as well as their developmental relationship with precursor cells in the dental follicle. The characteristics of PDLSCs and their diversity in vivo are now beginning to be unraveled thanks to insights from mouse genetic models and scRNA‐seq analyses, which aid to uncover the fundamental properties of stem cells in the human PDL. The new knowledge will be highly important for developing more effective stem cell‐based regenerative therapies to repair periodontal tissues in the future.

Transcriptomic profiling of the adult reptilian dentition sheds light on the genes regulating indefinite tooth replacement

“…The dental follicle is a sac of mesenchyme cells that surrounds the tooth, separating it from the bone. The follicle later creates the tooth bone interface which is mammals consists of the periodontal ligament and cementum (Nagata et al 2022). Upon comparing the mouse data dental follicle transcriptome data (Jing et al 2022; Takahashi et al 2019) to the gecko we were interested to find cell types that express genes characteristic of the dental follicle.…”

“…The reason we expect some differences is that geckos and non-crocodylian reptiles lack a periodontal ligament (Bertin et al 2018). The periodontal ligament connects the root to the bone in mammals and is derived from the dental follicle(Nagata et al 2022). Some snakes appear to have small remnants of Sharpey’s fibres that insert into the bone next to the teeth (LeBlanc et al 2016; LeBlanc et al 2017; LeBlanc et al 2021) but these are radically reduced in these animals.…”

The effect of adjunctive LASER application on periodontal ligament stem cells

“…Dental stem cells owing to their distinct stemness, migration, differentiation and immunological modulation properties, have been perceived as a potential agent for regeneration (Nagata et al, 2022;Sun et al, 2023). Stomatognathic stem cells are placed in different niches and they can be further categorized as dental and periodontal stem cells based on their location within the oral complex (Ponnaiyan et al, 2022;Alarcón-Apablaza et al, 2023).…”

Mechanisms of Osteoclastogenesis in Orthodontic Tooth Movement and Orthodontically Induced Tooth Root Resorption

“…The tooth is attached to the alveolar bone through the periodontium, which consists of several units of mineralized and non-mineralized tissues, such as the cementum on the tooth root surface, the periodontal ligament (PDL), the alveolar bone, and the gingiva. [ 1 ] The PDL is a dense connective tissue that plays a critical role in supporting the tooth within its socket. It comprises various components, including bundles of collagenous fibers primarily composed of type I collagen.…”