Diverse roles for the<i>Drosophila</i>fructose sensor Gr43a

Miyamoto, Tomofumi; Amrein, Hubert

doi:10.4161/fly.27241

Cited by 84 publications

(85 citation statements)

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“…The wide expression pattern, presence of multiple receptors in the same neurons, and different combinations of receptors in different neurons indicate that gustatory-receptor-expressing neurons in various locations may respond quite differently to different sugars (Thoma et al, 2016; Miyamoto and Amrein, 2014). We focused particularly on Gr43a-expressing neurons for their specific involvement in L-arabinose memory, and previous studies suggested they act as nutrient sensors (Miyamoto et al, 2012).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immediate perception of a reward is distinct from the reward’s long-term salience

McGinnis

Jiang

Agha

et al. 2016

eLife

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Reward perception guides all aspects of animal behavior. However, the relationship between the perceived value of a reward, the latent value of a reward, and the behavioral response remains unclear. Here we report that, given a choice between two sweet and chemically similar sugars—L- and D-arabinose—Drosophila melanogaster prefers D- over L- arabinose, but forms long-term memories of L-arabinose more reliably. Behavioral assays indicate that L-arabinose-generated memories require sugar receptor Gr43a, and calcium imaging and electrophysiological recordings indicate that L- and D-arabinose differentially activate Gr43a-expressing neurons. We posit that the immediate valence of a reward is not always predictive of the long-term reinforcement value of that reward, and that a subset of sugar-sensing neurons may generate distinct representations of similar sugars, allowing for rapid assessment of the salient features of various sugar rewards and generation of reward-specific behaviors. However, how sensory neurons communicate information about L-arabinose quality and concentration—features relevant for long-term memory—remains unknown.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.22283.001

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immediate perception of a reward is distinct from the reward’s long-term salience

McGinnis

Jiang

Agha

et al. 2016

eLife

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“…The findings that IG fructose did not stimulate CSϩ licking in the 1-h training sessions in experiment 3 and stimulated CSϩ licking only on the third CSϩ training day in experiment 1 suggest that this sugar produces a relatively weak and/or slowly appearing appetition signal compared with glucose. This signal may be generated by the postabsorptive metabolism of the sugar in the liver (38) or conceivably by a fructosespecific sensor as found in the fly (19). Whether IG fructose infusions fail to generate an appetition signal in B6 mice or the mice are less sensitive than FVB mice to such a signal is not clear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fructose- and glucose-conditioned preferences in FVB mice: strain differences in post-oral sugar appetition

Sclafani

Zukerman

Ackroff

2014

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Recent studies indicate that, unlike glucose, fructose has little or no post-oral preference conditioning actions in C57BL/6J (B6) mice. The present study determined whether this is also the case for FVB mice, which overconsume fructose relative to B6 mice. In experiment 1, FVB mice strongly preferred a noncaloric 0.1% sucralose ϩ 0.1% saccharin (SϩS) solution to 8% fructose in a 2-day choice test but switched their preference to fructose after separate experience with the two sweeteners. Other FVB mice displayed a stronger preference for 8% glucose over SϩS. In a second experiment, ad libitum-fed FVB mice trained 24 h/day acquired a significant preference for a flavor (CSϩ) paired with intragastric (IG) selfinfusions of 16% fructose over a different flavor (CSϪ) paired with IG water infusions. IG fructose infusions also conditioned flavor preferences in food-restricted FVB mice trained 1 h/day. IG infusions of 16% glucose conditioned stronger preferences in FVB mice trained 24-or 1 h/day. Thus, fructose has post-oral flavor conditioning effects in FVB mice, but these effects are less pronounced than those produced by glucose. Further studies of the differential post-oral conditioning effects of fructose and glucose in B6 and FVB mice should enhance our understanding of the physiological processes involved in sugar reward.post-oral flavor conditioning; sucralose; saccharin; C57BL/6J mice IT IS WELL ESTABLISHED THAT inbred mouse strains differ in their taste responses to caloric and noncaloric sweeteners. This is due, in part, to allelic variations in the Tas1r3 gene that encodes the T1r3 sweet taste receptor protein (6,25). Mouse strains with the Sac B variant of the Tas1r3 gene are more sensitive to sugars (e.g., sucrose) and noncaloric sweeteners (e.g., saccharin) than are strains with the Sac D variant. In addition, sugar intake and preference are stimulated by the post-oral actions of sugars, a process referred to as appetition to distinguish it from the satiation process that inhibits sugar intake (27). Appetition is demonstrated by the intake and preference-stimulating effects of intragastric (IG) sugar infusions in mice and rats (3,21,27,30). Conceivably, strain differences in post-oral sugar appetition may contribute to variations in sugar intake in mice, but this has yet to be documented. One study reported mouse strain differences in sugar-conditioned flavor preferences, but because the sugars were orally consumed, the conditioning effects may have been mediated by the taste and/or post-oral actions of the sugars (24). In another study, we compared IG sucrose conditioning in The present study sought evidence for strain differences in the post-oral conditioning response to glucose and fructose, the constituent monosaccharide sugars of sucrose. B6 mice acquire strong preferences for flavors paired with IG glucose infusions but fail to prefer flavors paired with isocaloric fructose infusions (29, 43). Related findings were obtained with B6 mice given oral choice tests with 8% glucose or 8% fructose vs. a ...

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“…The following fly lines were used: MJ94-GAL4 was a gift from L. Griffith at Brandeis University, Gr-GAL4 (Ling et al, 2014, Weiss et al, 2011), Gr66a-GAL4 (BDSC#28801), Ir-GAL4 (Koh et al, 2014), Ir11a-GAL4 (BDSC#41742), Ir100a-GAL4 (BDSC#41743), Ir76b-GAL4 (BDSC#41730), Ir25a-GAL4 (BDSC#41728), ppk28-GAL4 (Cameron et al, 2010), Gr43a-LexA (Miyamoto and Amrein, 2014), Gr32a-LexA (Fan et al, 2013), Ir76b-LexA (Ganguly et al, 2017), ppk28-LexA (Thistle et al, 2012) , UAS-Kir2.1 (Baines et al, 2001), UAS-VR1 E600K (Marella et al, 2006), poxn ΔM22-B5 (Boll and Noll, 2002), poxn 70 (Awasaki and Kimura, 1997), UAS-mCD8-GFP (Weiss et al, 2011), and LexAop2-6XmCherry-HA (BDSC#52271, 52272). For experiments using poxn mutants, we confirmed the poxn mutant background in all sorted flies by observing the transformed long and bent mechanosensory hairs in the labellum, as well as the fused three tarsal segments in the legs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and Cellular Organization of Taste Neurons in Adult Drosophila Pharynx

Chen

Dahanukar

2017

Cell Reports

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SUMMARY The Drosophila pharyngeal taste organs are poorly characterized despite their location at important sites for monitoring food quality. Functional analysis of pharyngeal neurons has been hindered by the paucity of molecular tools to manipulate them, as well as their relative inaccessibility for neurophysiological investigations. Here, we generate receptor-to-neuron maps of all three pharyngeal taste organs by performing a comprehensive chemoreceptor-GAL4/LexA expression analysis. The organization of pharyngeal neurons reveals similarities and distinctions in receptor repertoires and neuronal groupings compared to external taste neurons. We validate the mapping results by pinpointing a single pharyngeal neuron required for feeding avoidance of L-canavanine. Inducible activation of pharyngeal taste neurons reveals functional differences between external and internal taste neurons and functional subdivision within pharyngeal sweet neurons. Our results provide road maps of pharyngeal taste organs in an insect model system for probing the role of these understudied neurons in controlling feeding behaviors.

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Diverse roles for theDrosophilafructose sensor Gr43a

Cited by 84 publications

References 49 publications

Immediate perception of a reward is distinct from the reward’s long-term salience

Immediate perception of a reward is distinct from the reward’s long-term salience

Fructose- and glucose-conditioned preferences in FVB mice: strain differences in post-oral sugar appetition

Molecular and Cellular Organization of Taste Neurons in Adult Drosophila Pharynx

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