Diverse Pharmacological Activities and Potential Medicinal Benefits of Geniposide

Abstract

Geniposide is a well-known iridoid glycoside compound and is an essential component of a wide variety of traditional phytomedicines, for example, Gardenia jasminoides Elli (Zhizi in Chinese), Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. (Duzhong in Chinese), Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. (Dihuang in Chinese), and Achyranthes bidentata Bl. (Niuxi in Chinese). It is also the main bioactive component of Gardeniae Fructus, the dried ripe fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis. Increasing pharmacological evidence supports multiple medicinal properties of geniposide including neuroprotective, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antidepressant-like, cardioprotective, antioxidant, immune-regulatory, antithrombotic, and antitumoral effects. It has been proposed that geniposide may be a drug or lead compound for the prophylaxis and treatment of several diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, diabetes and diabetic complications, ischemia and reperfusion injury, and hepatic disorders. The aim of the present review is to give a comprehensive summary and analysis of the pharmacological properties of geniposide, supporting its use as a medicinal agent.

Retracted: Geniposide exhibits anticancer activity to medulloblastoma cells by downregulating microRNA‐373

“…Previous studies reported that geniposide exhibited antiapoptotic activity on a number of normal cells under different stimulation, while exerted proapoptosis activities in tumor cells. [ 14 ] It has been proved to play outstanding antitumor activities on human oral squamous carcinoma, osteosarcoma, and glioma through inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting cell apoptosis. [ 20‐22 ] Besides that, Galvez et al [ 49 ] indicated that geniposide was able to exert anticancer activity on other tumors such as renal adenocarcinoma, breast adenocarcinoma, and melanoma by stabilizing covalent attachment of the topoisomerase I subunits to DNA at sites of DNA strand breaks.…”

“…[ 11,12 ] Geniposide (CAS number: 24512‐63‐8; Figure 1) is the main active ingredient separated and purified from the fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis. [ 13 ] Earlier research reported that geniposide possessed beneficial activities, [ 14 ] such as anti‐inflammation, [ 15 ] antidiabetes, [ 16 ] antiangiogenesis, [ 17 ] antitumor, [ 18 ] and neuroprotection. [ 19 ] For antitumor activity, Qian et al [ 20 ] indicated that geniposide could inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis of human oral squamous carcinoma HSC‐3 cells.…”

Connecting the dots: targeting gut microbiota in drug toxicity

“…Geniposide is the major bioactive component of herb Gardeniae Fructus which exhibits a wide range of pharmacological functions including neuroprotective, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, cardio-protective, antioxidant, immune-regulatory, antithrombotic, and antitumoral effects (Zhou et al, 2019b). The herb has long been used as choleretic to treat jaundice in Chinese history and modern research also reveals that geniposide attenuates APAP-induced liver injury in mice (Yang et al, 2019).…”

A New Geniposidic Acid Derivative Exerts Antiaging Effects through Antioxidative Stress and Autophagy Induction

“…Geniposide, a typical iridoid compound, has a high content of G. jasminoides and is one of the effective ingredients. Geniposide can exert many pharmacological effects, such as antidiabetic, antioxidant, neuroprotection, and liver protection properties [ 16 ]. In the primary hippocampal neurons of middle-aged Alzheimer’s disease mouse models, geniposide can inhibit the toxic effects of cholinergic defects by increasing choline acetyltransferase activity and reducing acetylcholinesterase activity to play a neuroprotective effect [ 17 ].…”