Diverse nanostructures underlie thin ultra-black scales in butterflies

Davis, Alexander L.; Nijhout, H. Frederik; Johnsen, Sönke

doi:10.1038/s41467-020-15033-1

Cited by 42 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…Dorsal Arhopala wings also have velvety black edges filled with blue regions that primarily reflect light at 370 nm in males and 400 nm in females (82) and further benefit from the expanded blue sensitivity seen across lycaenid butterflies. Similarly to superblack plumage colouration in birds (83), peacock spiders (84), and recent examples in papilionids and nymphalid butterflies (85), the adjacency and sex-specific regions covered with structural velvety black scales in the lycaenid E. atala likely enhance the perceived brightness of nearby colour signals.…”

Section: Colour Tuning Improves Intraspecific Signal Detectionmentioning

confidence: 84%

The evolution of red color vision is linked to coordinated rhodopsin tuning in lycaenid butterflies

Liénard

Bernard

Allen

et al. 2021

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Color vision has evolved multiple times in both vertebrates and invertebrates and is largely determined by the number and variation in spectral sensitivities of distinct opsin subclasses. However, because of the difficulty of expressing long-wavelength (LW) invertebrate opsins in vitro, our understanding of the molecular basis of functional shifts in opsin spectral sensitivities has been biased toward research primarily in vertebrates. This has restricted our ability to address whether invertebrate Gq protein-coupled opsins function in a novel or convergent way compared to vertebrate Gt opsins. Here we develop a robust heterologous expression system to purify invertebrate rhodopsins, identify specific amino acid changes responsible for adaptive spectral tuning, and pinpoint how molecular variation in invertebrate opsins underlie wavelength sensitivity shifts that enhance visual perception. By combining functional and optophysiological approaches, we disentangle the relative contributions of lateral filtering pigments from red-shifted LW and blue short-wavelength opsins expressed in distinct photoreceptor cells of individual ommatidia. We use in situ hybridization to visualize six ommatidial classes in the compound eye of a lycaenid butterfly with a four-opsin visual system. We show experimentally that certain key tuning residues underlying green spectral shifts in blue opsin paralogs have evolved repeatedly among short-wavelength opsin lineages. Taken together, our results demonstrate the interplay between regulatory and adaptive evolution at multiple Gq opsin loci, as well as how coordinated spectral shifts in LW and blue opsins can act together to enhance insect spectral sensitivity at blue and red wavelengths for visual performance adaptation.

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Section: Colour Tuning Improves Intraspecific Signal Detectionmentioning

confidence: 84%

The evolution of red color vision is linked to coordinated rhodopsin tuning in lycaenid butterflies

Liénard

Bernard

Allen

et al. 2021

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Because these structures hold a single geometrical feature, to achieve broadband antireflectance, a large AR (>30:1) is required 38,39 ; but at the cost of structure durability. An alternative path to render such properties relies on expanding feature hierarchy, 21,40 so that each feature now can interact with a specific part of the spectrum. Therefore, both independent dimension control and the possibility to iterate our SDIMP method make it particularly suitable for the development of complex nanostructures with broadband antireflective properties.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spacer-Defined Intrinsic Multiple Patterning

Laney

Michalska

et al. 2020

ACS Nano

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Periodic nanotube arrays render enhanced functional properties through their interaction with light and matter, but to reach optimal performance for technologically prominent applications, e.g., wettability or photonics, structural fine-tuning is essential.Nonetheless, a universal and scalable method providing independent dimension control, high aspect-ratios, and the prospect of further structural complexity, remains unachieved. Here, we answer this need through an atomic layer deposition (ALD)-enabled multiple patterning.Unlike previous methods, the ALD-deposited spacer is applied directly on the pre-patterned target substrate material, serving as an etching mask to generate a multitude of tailored nanotubes. By concept iteration, we further realize concentric and/or binary nanoarrays in a number of industrially important materials such as silicon, glass, polymers. To demonstrate the achieved quality and applicability of the structures, we probe how nanotube fine-tuning induces broadband antireflection, and present a surface boasting extremely low reflectance of <1% across the wavelength range 300-1,050 nm.The proliferation of interest in periodic nanostructured surfaces has driven significant advancements in nanofabrication techniques, leading to their successful implementation into energy storage devices, 1 solar cells, 2,3 sensing, 4 and special wetting surfaces. 5 Whilst the collective interactions of many sub-components within an array, and the resultant surface properties are well studied for pillars, cones or holes, more complex designs allude to more exotic phenomena. For example, superior control over localisation of electromagnetic fields can be achieved, [6][7][8] if only the complexity of sub-components is tuned adequately. In particular, nanotubes; hybrid structures of nano-holes within pillars that amalgamate the best AUTHOR INFORMATION

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“…Similarly, Davis et al . used finite-difference time-domain modeling to demonstrate that the ultra-black in some butterfly wings is due to expanded trabeculae and ridges, which increases absorption and reduces surface reflectance by 16-fold [ 180 ]. This recent butterfly wing architecture research progress and performance enhancement should propel future research to broaden the application scope to infrared detection and photothermal materials for stealth technologies, drug delivery and cancer imaging and therapy.…”

Section: Summary and Future Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Butterfly wing architectures inspire sensor and energy applications

Osotsi¹,

Zhang²,

Imran³

et al. 2020

National Science Review

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Natural biological systems are constantly developing efficient mechanisms to counter adverse effects of increasing human population and depleting energy resources. Their intelligent mechanisms are characterized by the ability to detect changes in the environment, store and evaluate information and respond to external stimuli. Bio-inspired replication into manmade functional materials guarantees enhancement of characteristics and performance. Specifically, butterfly architectures have inspired the fabrication of sensor and energy materials by replicating their unique micro/nanostructures, light trapping mechanisms and selective responses to external stimuli. These bio-inspired sensor and energy materials have shown improved performance in harnessing renewable energy, environmental remediation and health monitoring. Therefore, this review highlights recent progress reported on the classification of butterfly wing scale architectures and explores several bio-inspired sensor and energy applications.

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Diverse nanostructures underlie thin ultra-black scales in butterflies

Cited by 42 publications

References 22 publications

The evolution of red color vision is linked to coordinated rhodopsin tuning in lycaenid butterflies

The evolution of red color vision is linked to coordinated rhodopsin tuning in lycaenid butterflies

Spacer-Defined Intrinsic Multiple Patterning

Butterfly wing architectures inspire sensor and energy applications

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