Diverse mechanisms of polysaccharide biosynthesis, assembly and secretion across kingdoms

Stephens, Zachery; Wilson, Louis F. L.; Zimmer, Jochen

doi:10.1016/j.sbi.2023.102564

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…α-D-glucan is a homopolysaccharide and a simple polymer of α-D-glucopyranoside (α-D-Glcp) [8,9]. D-Glucose, the component of the D-glucans, is photosynthesized in plants and widespread in nature and exists in its D-glucopyranose form in α-Dglucans [10]. The most common and linear example of α-D-glucan is (1→4)-α-D-glucan (amylose), which plays an essential role as an energy source for metabolism [11].…”

Section: α-D-glucansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in 1,2-cis glycosylation for Glucan Synthesis

et al. 2023

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Controlling the stereoselectivity of 1,2-cis glycosylation is one of the most challenging tasks in the chemical synthesis of glycans. There are various 1,2-cis glycosides in nature, such as α-glucoside and β-mannoside in glycoproteins, glycolipids, proteoglycans, microbial polysaccharides, and bioactive natural products. In the structure of polysaccharides such as α-glucan, 1,2-cis α-glucosides were found to be the major linkage between the glucopyranosides. Various regioisomeric linkages, 1→3, 1→4, and 1→6 for the backbone structure, and 1→2/3/4/6 for branching in the polysaccharide as well as in the oligosaccharides were identified. To achieve highly stereoselective 1,2-cis glycosylation, including α-glucosylation, a number of strategies using inter- and intra-molecular methodologies have been explored. Recently, Zn salt-mediated cis glycosylation has been developed and applied to the synthesis of various 1,2-cis linkages, such as α-glucoside and β-mannoside, via the 1,2-cis glycosylation pathway and β-galactoside 1,4/6-cis induction. Furthermore, the synthesis of various structures of α-glucans has been achieved using the recent progressive stereoselective 1,2-cis glycosylation reactions. In this review, recent advances in stereoselective 1,2-cis glycosylation, particularly focused on α-glucosylation, and their applications in the construction of linear and branched α-glucans are summarized.

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Section: α-D-glucansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in 1,2-cis glycosylation for Glucan Synthesis

et al. 2023

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“…Concerning the sources of EPS components, polysaccharides are synthesized intracellularly and enzymatically processed, linking monosaccharides into complex structures before being transported extracellularly. 24 The protein components are varied, encompassing enzymes and cell appendages. Humic substances originate from the external environment, while eDNA is a product of cell autolysis and release.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it is essential to develop more effective, robust, and gentle approaches. Concerning the sources of EPS components, polysaccharides are synthesized intracellularly and enzymatically processed, linking monosaccharides into complex structures before being transported extracellularly . The protein components are varied, encompassing enzymes and cell appendages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deciphering the Roles of Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) in Shaping Disinfection Kinetics through Permanent Removal via Genetic Disruption

Sun,

Zhou,

Wen

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) ubiquitously encapsulate microbes and play crucial roles in various environmental processes. However, understanding their complex interactions with dynamic bacterial behaviors, especially during the disinfection process, remains very limited. In this work, we investigated the impact of EPS on bacterial disinfection kinetics by developing a permanent EPS removal strategy. We genetically disrupted the synthesis of exopolysaccharides, the structural components of EPS, in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a wellknown EPS-producing opportunistic pathogen found in diverse environments, creating an EPS-deficient strain. This method ensured a lasting absence of EPS while maintaining bacterial integrity and viability, allowing for real-time in situ investigations of the roles of EPS in disinfection. Our findings indicate that removing EPS from bacteria substantially lowered their susceptibility threshold to disinfectants such as ozone, chloramine B, and free chlorine. This removal also substantially accelerated disinfection kinetics, shortened the resistance time, and increased disinfection efficiency, thereby enhancing the overall bactericidal effect. The absence of EPS was found to enhance bacterial motility and increase bacterial cell vulnerability to disinfectants, resulting in greater membrane damage and intensified reactive oxygen species (ROS) production upon exposure to disinfectants. These insights highlight the central role of EPS in bacterial defenses and offer promising implications for developing more effective disinfection strategies.

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