Diverse Influences of ENSO on the East Asian–Western Pacific Winter Climate Tied to Different ENSO Properties in CMIP5 Models

Gong, Hainan; Wang, Lin; Chen, W En; Nath, Debashis; Huang, Gang; Tao, Wanyin

doi:10.1175/jcli-d-14-00405.1

Cited by 66 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(77 reference statements)

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“…Almost all CMIP5 models suggested that EN is stronger than LN. ENSO-related various teleconnections were also investigated in many recent research using observation and CMIP5 outputs (extratropical influence: Hurtitz et al 2014; Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM): Roy and Collins 2015;Jourdain, 2013;Roy 2017; East Asian winter monsoon: Gong et al (2014Gong et al ( , 2015). This study examines Canonical and Modoki ENSO phase, focusing on CMIP5 models and observation and discusses some oceanic teleconnections.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating ENSO teleconnections using observations and CMIP5 models

Roy

Gagnon

Siingh

2018

Theor Appl Climatol

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Bias correction of global and regional climate models is essential for credible climate change projections. This study examines the bias of the models of the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) in their simulation of the spatial pattern of sea surface temperature (SSTs) in different phases of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and their teleconnections-highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of the models in different oceanic sectors. The comparison between the model outputs and the observations focused on the following three features: (i) the typical horseshoe pattern seen in the Pacific Ocean during ENSO events with anomalies in SSTs opposite to the warm/cool tongue, (ii) different signature in the tropical Pacific Ocean from that of the North and tropical Atlantic Ocean, and (iii) spurious signature in the southern hemisphere beyond 45°S. Using these three cases, it was found that the model simulations poorly matched the observations, indicating that more attention is needed on the tropical/extratropical teleconnections associated with ENSO. More importantly, the observed SST coupling between the tropical Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean is missing in almost all models, and differentiating the models between high/low top did not improve the results. It also found that SSTs in the tropical Pacific Ocean are relatively well simulated when compared with observation. This work has improved our understanding of the simulation of ENSO and its teleconnections in the CMIP5 models and has raised awareness of the bias existing in the models, which requires further attention by climate modellers.

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confidence: 99%

Evaluating ENSO teleconnections using observations and CMIP5 models

Roy

Gagnon

Siingh

2018

Theor Appl Climatol

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“…As the AC-ENSO relationship results from the combined effect between the background SST over the South Pacific Convergence Zone and the ENSO SSTA (Guo & Tan, 2018b), it is reasonable to infer that the intermodel spread of R AC-ENSO may depend on both the background SST and the ENSO properties. The ENSO amplitude and its zonal and meridional extents are its key properties (e.g., Gong et al, 2015;Zhang & Jin, 2012); thus, the sensitivity of the AC-ENSO relationship to these ENSO properties and the background SST is further investigated. Figure 3 shows the changes in the R AC-ENSO with the changes in the ENSO amplitude (F a ), the zonal extent (F x ), the meridional extent (F y ), and the climatological SST (T) during FMA for each model.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the climate models in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) perform well in reproducing the AC (e.g., Feng et al, ; Guo et al, ), and they also successfully reproduce the observed asymmetric atmospheric circulation in response to ENSO (Abellán et al, ; Ren et al, ). But these CMIP5 models have biases in simulating the climatological SST (Oueslati & Bellon, ; Xiang et al, ) and ENSO properties (Chen et al, ; Gong et al, ; Guilyardi, ). Such biases provide us opportunities to evaluate the sensitivity of the AC‐ENSO relationship to the climatological SST and ENSO properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Sensitivity of the Relationship Between Hadley Circulation Asymmetry and ENSO in CMIP5 Models

Guo

Tan

2018

Geophysical Research Letters

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Recent study shows that the asymmetric component (AC) of Hadley circulation variability during late winter and early spring can be explained by the combined effect between background sea surface temperature (SST) and the SST anomalies associated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). But the sensitivity of AC‐ENSO relationship to background SST and ENSO properties is still unknown. Using 17 climate models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5, we investigated the sensitivity of the AC‐ENSO relationship to the background SST and three ENSO properties. Most of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 models capture the spatial structure of the AC and reproduce the AC‐ENSO relationship, but the AC‐ENSO relationship has large intermodel spread. The AC‐ENSO relationship is mostly sensitive to ENSO zonal extent. ENSO amplitude can also influence the AC‐ENSO relationship by affecting the zonal extent. However, ENSO meridional extent and background SST—above a certain threshold—have little influence on the AC‐ENSO relationship.

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“…As previous studies indicated, the Philippines cyclone/anticyclone anomaly in the lower troposphere is a crucial factor influencing the Southern China rainfall (Wang et al , ; Feng et al , ; Zhu et al , ; Gong et al , ; He and Zhu, ). Figure (a) and (b) shows the 850 hPa wind fields associated with the WPHCI during different epochs.…”

Section: Observed Circulation Fields Associated With the Interdecadalmentioning

confidence: 94%

The enhanced relationship between Southern China winter rainfall and warm pool ocean heat content

et al. 2016

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A decadal change on relationship between winter rainfall over Southern China (SCWR) and Western Pacific warm pool heat content (WPHC) was detected by a sliding correlation analysis. The decadal turning point occurred around 1993. Before 1993, the relationship between SCWR and WPHC was quite weak with a correlation coefficient of −0.17. During this epoch, the WPHC‐related anomalous troposphere circulation, sea surface temperature (SSTA) and outgoing longwave radiation (OLRA) were mainly confined to the Pacific Ocean. Therefore, the corresponding climate system anomalies cannot influence SCWR. However, after 1993, the relationship between SCWR and WPHC became significant and reached a correlation coefficient of −0.81. The troposphere circulation anomalies along with the SSTA and OLRA pattern that were associated with WPHC during this epoch significantly shifted northwestward and intensified, resulting in a direct impact on SCWR. A possible mechanism was put forth to explain the decadal enhanced relation between SCWR and WPHC. In the context of the increased and northwestward‐shifted climatological maximum WPHC, the concurrent intensified and northwestward‐shifted SST and atmospheric circulation anomaly pattern contributes to the decadal enhanced relation between SCWR and WPHC. On one hand, because of the increased and northwestward‐shifted maximum sea surface temperature, the convection became more sensitive to the SSTA over Indian Ocean and Maritime Continent, thus dragged the Philippines anticyclonic/cyclonic anomaly northwestward via Kevin wave and Rossby wave response, which can directly affect SCWR. On the other hand, the increased and northwestward‐shifted SSTA anchored the convection anomalies in South China Sea (SCS) and Maritime Continent, impacting the SCWR via anomalous descending/ascending motion of the anomalous local meridional cell.

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Diverse Influences of ENSO on the East Asian–Western Pacific Winter Climate Tied to Different ENSO Properties in CMIP5 Models

Cited by 66 publications

References 66 publications

Evaluating ENSO teleconnections using observations and CMIP5 models

Evaluating ENSO teleconnections using observations and CMIP5 models

On the Sensitivity of the Relationship Between Hadley Circulation Asymmetry and ENSO in CMIP5 Models

The enhanced relationship between Southern China winter rainfall and warm pool ocean heat content

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