Diverse immune functions of hemocyanins

Coates, Christopher J.; Nairn, Jacqueline

doi:10.1016/j.dci.2014.01.021

Cited by 255 publications

(175 citation statements)

References 161 publications

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“…Hemocyanins induced the differential expression of cytokine genes in macrophages. Summary of the PCR array profile results for the expression of 84 cytokine genes analyzed using the RT 2 Profiler PCR array is shown. This array includes chemokines, ILs, IFNs, growth factors, and TNF superfamily members.…”

Section: Different Hemocyanins Induce Distinctive Temporal Patterns Omentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experiments were performed in triplicate and repeated at least three times. The PCR array data were analyzed using the RT 2 Profiler PCR array data analysis Web portal from SABiosciences based on the DDCt method with five different housekeeping genes (Hsp90ab1, Gapdh, Actb, Gusb, and Hprt).…”

Section: Pcr Arraymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The RT 2 Profiler PCR array (SABiosciences) was used for cytokine/ chemokine expression analysis according to the manufacturer's instructions. RNA (1 mg) was extracted and converted into cDNA with the RT 2 first-strand kit (SABiosciences).…”

Section: Pcr Arraymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…emocyanins from mollusks are enormous glycoproteins with multiple functions, where oxygen transport is the best known (1,2). Hemocyanins alone are capable of potently activating the immune system of mammals.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hemocyanins Stimulate Innate Immunity by Inducing Different Temporal Patterns of Proinflammatory Cytokine Expression in Macrophages

Zhong

Arancibia

Born

et al. 2016

The Journal of Immunology

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Hemocyanins induce a potent Th1-dominant immune response with beneficial clinical outcomes when used as a carrier/adjuvant in vaccines and nonspecific immunostimulant in cancer. However, the mechanisms by which hemocyanins trigger innate immune responses, leading to beneficial adaptive immune responses, are unknown. This response is triggered by a proinflammatory signal from various components, of which macrophages are an essential part. To understand how these proteins influence macrophage response, we investigated the effects of mollusks hemocyanins with varying structural and immunological properties, including hemocyanins from Concholepas concholepas, Fissurella latimarginata, and Megathura crenulata (keyhole limpet hemocyanin), on cultures of peritoneal macrophages. Hemocyanins were phagocytosed and slowly processed. Analysis of this process showed differential gene expression along with protein levels of proinflammatory markers, including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p40, and TNF-α. An extended expression analysis of 84 cytokines during a 24-h period showed a robust proinflammatory response for F. latimarginata hemocyanin in comparison with keyhole limpet hemocyanin and C. concholepas hemocyanin, which was characterized by an increase in the transcript levels of M1 cytokines involved in leukocyte recruitment. These cytokine genes included chemokines (Cxcl1, Cxcl3, Cxcl5, Ccl2, and Ccl3), ILs (Il1b and Ifng), growth factors (Csf2 and Csf3), and TNF family members (Cd40lg). The protein levels of certain cytokines were increased. However, every hemocyanin maintains downregulated key M2 cytokine genes, including Il4 and Il5. Collectively, our data demonstrate that hemocyanins are able to trigger the release of proinflammatory factors with different patterns of cytokine expression, suggesting differential signaling pathways and transcriptional network mechanisms that lead to the activation of M1-polarized macrophages.

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Section: Different Hemocyanins Induce Distinctive Temporal Patterns Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pcr Arraymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pcr Arraymentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hemocyanins Stimulate Innate Immunity by Inducing Different Temporal Patterns of Proinflammatory Cytokine Expression in Macrophages

Zhong

Arancibia

Born

et al. 2016

The Journal of Immunology

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“…The primary function of haemocyanins is the transport of molecular oxygen to respiring tissues (Coates & Nairn, 2014;Zanjani et al, 2014), but their contribution to innate immunity is often overlooked (Coates & Nairn, 2014). Haemocyanins are copper containing glycoproteins and a major haemolymph component, approximately 50 % to w90 %, of some mollusc species (Coates & Nairn, 2014).…”

Section: Antiviral Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral immunity in marine molluscs

Green

Raftos

Speck

et al. 2015

Journal of General Virology

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Marine molluscs, like all living organisms, are constantly exposed to viruses and have evolved efficient antiviral defences. We review here recent developments in molluscan antiviral immunity against viruses belonging to the order Herpesvirales. Emerging results suggest an interferon-like response and autophagy are involved in the antiviral defence of bivalves to viral infection. Multifunctional plasma proteins from gastropods and bivalves have been identified to have broadspectrum antiviral activity against mammalian viruses. The antiviral defences present in molluscs can be enhanced by genetic selection, as shown by the presence of oyster strains specifically resistant to ostreid herpesvirus type 1. Whether varying amounts or different isoforms of these antiviral plasma proteins contributes to genetic resistance is worthy of further research. Other evolutionarily conserved antiviral mechanisms, such as RNA interference and apoptosis, still need further characterization.

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Identification and characterization of glycosylation sites on Litopenaeus vannamei hemocyanin

Zhang

Aweya

et al. 2019

FEBS Letters

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The respiratory glycoprotein hemocyanin has been implicated in immune‐related functions. Using lectin blotting, we show that the binding of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) hemocyanin to concanavalin A decreases markedly with O‐glycosidase treatment but not with PNGase F. Twelve O‐glycosylation sites, three on the large hemocyanin subunit and nine on the small hemocyanin subunit (HMCs), were identified by LC‐MS/MS. Importantly, when the glycosylation sites at Thr‐537, Ser‐539, and Thr‐542 on the C terminus of HMCs were replaced with alanine, the resultant mutant hemocyanin had reduced carbohydrate content, coupled with a fourfold reduction in bacterial agglutination and 0.2‐fold reduction in antibacterial activities toward Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Staphylococcus aureus. These results suggest that the glycosylation sites on shrimp hemocyanin are closely related to its immunological functions.

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Diverse immune functions of hemocyanins

Cited by 255 publications

References 161 publications

Hemocyanins Stimulate Innate Immunity by Inducing Different Temporal Patterns of Proinflammatory Cytokine Expression in Macrophages

Hemocyanins Stimulate Innate Immunity by Inducing Different Temporal Patterns of Proinflammatory Cytokine Expression in Macrophages

Antiviral immunity in marine molluscs

Identification and characterization of glycosylation sites on Litopenaeus vannamei hemocyanin

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