Diverse Humoral Immune Responses in Younger and Older Adult COVID-19 Patients

Sasson, Jennifer; Campo, Joseph J.; Carpenter, Rebecca; Young, Mary K.; Randall, Arlo; Trappl-Kimmons, Krista; Oberai, Amit; Hung, Christopher; Edgar, Joshua; Teng, Andy; Pablo, Jozelyn; Liang, Xiaowu; Yee, Angela; Petri, William A.; Camerini, David

doi:10.1101/2021.01.12.21249702

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…S1). These profiles contrast with our recent observations of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG in symptomatic COVID-19 patients, where most patients responded to the SARS-CoV-2 S or N proteins with the exception of a minor subset of "serosilent" or "serodelayed" patients (16)(17)(18). However, the levels of reactivity seen in this study are in agreement with recent studies of maternal serum and cord blood IgG in SARS-CoV-2 infected pregnant women, where 65% of infected women responded to the RBD and 70% to the N protein (19).…”

Section: Breastfeeding Mothers Vary In the Production Of Milk Iga Against Sars-cov-2 Proteins And Recognition Of Specific Antigenic Regiocontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…In another recent study, variation in the SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA responses in COVID-19 mRNA-vaccinated or infected pregnant and lactating women was higher in the milk than in the serum (20). Although antibodies were only tested against the RBD, the study by Collier et al (2021), along with our recent profiling studies in COVID-19 patient sera, indicate that the systemic response to SARS-CoV-2 measured in serum may be less variable than the mucosal response in breast milk (16,17).…”

Section: Breastfeeding Mothers Vary In the Production Of Milk Iga Against Sars-cov-2 Proteins And Recognition Of Specific Antigenic Regiomentioning

confidence: 91%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Characterization of SARS CoV-2 Antibodies in Breast Milk from 21 Women with Confirmed COVID-19 Infection

Bode

Bertrand

Najera

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

One potential mechanism for protection from SARS-CoV-2 in infants and young children is through passive immunity via breast milk from a mother previously infected with the novel coronavirus. The primary objectives of this study were to establish the presence of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgA and IgG and to characterize the specific antigenic regions of SARS-CoV-2 proteins that were reactive with antibodies in breast milk from women with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Between March 2020 and September 2020, 21 women with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled into Mommys Milk at the University of California, San Diego. Women donated serial breast milk samples. Breast milk samples were used to probe a multi-coronavirus protein microarray containing full-length proteins and variable length overlapping fragments of SARS-CoV-2 spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M), nucleocapsid (N), and open reading frame (ORF) proteins. The breast milk samples contained IgA reactive with a variety of SARS-CoV-2 antigens. The most IgA-reactive SARS-CoV-2 proteins were N (42.9% of women responded to ≥1 N fragment) and S proteins (23.9% of women responded to ≥1 fragment of S1 or S2). Overall, individual COVID-19 cases had diverse and unique milk IgA profiles over the course of follow-up since onset of SARS-CoV-2 symptoms.

show abstract

Section: Breastfeeding Mothers Vary In the Production Of Milk Iga Against Sars-cov-2 Proteins And Recognition Of Specific Antigenic Regiocontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Breastfeeding Mothers Vary In the Production Of Milk Iga Against Sars-cov-2 Proteins And Recognition Of Specific Antigenic Regiomentioning

confidence: 91%

Characterization of SARS CoV-2 Antibodies in Breast Milk from 21 Women with Confirmed COVID-19 Infection

Bode

Bertrand

Najera

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Similarly, a study of 232 people with COVID-19 identified a negative correlation between antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 and other human coronaviruses 104 . By contrast, a study of individuals hospitalized for COVID-19 (10 young adults 27-39 years of age and 20 adults 69-82 years of age, of whom 9 required ventilation) found positive correlations between antibodies to the spike protein of other human betacoronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2; serological memory to earlier coronaviruses did not correlate with clinical outcomes 105 . Another study of 65 children and 60 adults did not find significant correlations between serological memory to other human coronaviruses and either age or outcome 27 .…”

Section: Series | Review Articlementioning

confidence: 86%

Immunology of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children

2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

At the start of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, most children were initially spared, with very few developing moderate to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] . As the virus spread globally, the majority of children <18 years of age had asymptomatic infection or mild COVID-19, and hospitalization was rare [8][9][10][11][12] . Those children who did develop severe COVID-19 generally had risk factors, including underlying respiratory, neurological, or immune disorders 13 . This pattern contrasts with other respiratory viruses, including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza virus, and parainfluenza virus, known to cause severe disease in young children 14,15 . In April 2020, a post-infectious syndrome known as multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) emerged in individuals <21 years of age, with the majority of patients requiring intensive care for life-threatening complications. Investigating age-associated determinants of the spectrum of clinical outcomes in children and adults related to SARS-CoV-2 infection is paramount for understanding host susceptibility and outcome and could help optimize disease prevention and treatment.This Review synthesizes important principles of developmental immunology with evidence linking immunobiology and clinical outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infections in children and adults. Because severe COVID-19 and MIS-C are uncommon in children, sample sizes for published studies are limited. To address this limitation, we highlight findings that are common as well as disparate across published studies, with the goal of identifying fundamental distinctions between the pediatric and adult response to SARS-CoV-2 infections. Owing to the spectrum of disease associated with SARS-CoV-2 infections, we compare the immunological response of children and adults within distinct clinical phenotypes. These phenotypes include asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections, mild COVID-19 (characterized by the presence of upper respiratory symptoms not requiring supportive care), and symptomatic COVID-19 prompting medical attention. Within each section, we discuss hypotheses that have been investigated to explain why children are more protected from moderate to severe COVID-19 than adults.

show abstract

“…105 There are increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with COVID-19, and these levels are related to the severity of cases and clinical outcome. [106][107][108][109][110] An excessive inflammatory response to COVID-19 can lead to the worsening of infection and symptoms and, eventually, cytokine storm. 111 It has been reported that complement-mediated microvascular injury is associated with the primary pathophysiology of both COVID-19 progression and long-COVID.…”

Section: Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%