Diverse GABAergic neurons organize into subtype‐specific sublaminae in the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus

Sabbagh, Ubadah; Govindaiah, Gubbi; Somaiya, Rachana Deven; Ha, Ryan V.; Wei, Jessica; Guido, William; Fox, Michael A.

doi:10.1111/jnc.15101

“…Some stratification of retinal subtype innervation to the mouse geniculate has been noted, but it is unclear if the stratification is indicative of non-overlapping retinal inputs (Kerschensteiner and Guido, 2017; Monavarfeshani et al, 2017). Our findings suggest that there is previously unrecognized organization in the vLGN that receives non-overlapping retinal innervation, consistent with recent data on cell type laminae within the vLGN (Sabbagh et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The projections of ipRGCs and conventional RGCs to retinorecipient brain nuclei

Beier

¹

,

Zhang

²

,

Yurgel

³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), the output neurons of the retina, allow us to perceive our visual environment. RGCs respond to rod/cone input through the retinal circuitry, however, a small population of RGCs are in addition intrinsically photosensitive (ipRGCs) and project to unique 1 0 targets in the brain to modulate a broad range of subconscious visual behaviors such as pupil constriction and circadian photoentrainment. Despite the discovery of ipRGCs nearly two decades ago, there is still little information about how or if conventional RGCs (non-ipRGCs) target ipRGC-recipient nuclei to influence subconscious visual behavior. Using a dual recombinase color strategy, we showed that conventional RGCs innervate many subconscious ipRGC-recipient nuclei, apart from the suprachiasmatic nucleus. We revealed previously unrecognized stratification patterns of retinal innervation from ipRGCs and conventional RGCs in the ventral portion of the lateral geniculate nucleus. Further, we found that the percent innervation of ipRGCs and conventional RGCs across ipsi-and contralateral nuclei differ. Our data provide a blueprint to understand how conventional RGCs and ipRGCs innervate different 2 0 brain regions to influence subconscious visual behaviors. 3 0 forming visual behaviors (Altimus et al., information about how or if conventional RGCs (non-ipRGCs) can influence subconscious visual behaviors. To address this knowledge gap, we must first delineate whether conventional RGCs innervate non-image forming nuclei.To determine if conventional RGCs innervate non-image forming nuclei (Ecker et al., 2010; Hattar et al., 2002 Hattar et al., , 2006 Li and Schmidt, 2018; Morin and Studholme, 2014), we utilized a dual recombinase two color strategy to delineate, in the same animal, how ipRGCs and conventional RGCs converge and diverge in ipRGC-recipient brain regions. We found that the master clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is exclusively innervated by ipRGCs, as was previously 4 0 implicated (Hattar et al., 2006). However, the SCN was the exception to the rule, as most ipRGC-recipient areas received substantial projections from conventional RGCs. The dual color strategy allowed us to differentiate areas where conventional RGCs and ipRGCs converge and intermingle, from brain regions where they form completely distinct subdivisions. Specifically, we found that conventional RGCs and ipRGCs innervate distinct subdivisions of the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (vLGN). As we found in the SCN, the vLGN core region receives exclusive ipRGC input. Furthermore, we found differences in the percent innervation between the ipsi-and contralateral patterns of conventional RGCs and ipRGCs. Our results provide a basis for understanding how ipRGCs and conventional RGC modulate non-image forming behaviors for normal function. 5 0

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“…Presynaptic neurons were also located in the ipsilateral superior colliculus ( Figure 1E,F) as well as in cortical association areas, in particular the retrosplenial cortex and anterior cingulate and secondary motor cortices ( Figure 1D, Figure S1E,F,H). Notably, LP neurons received input from several areas containing mainly inhibitory neurons, including the thalamic reticular nucleus, the zona incerta, the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus and anterior pretectal nucleus ( Figure 1G,H) (Halassa and Acsády, 2016;Sabbagh et al, 2020), revealing LP as a target of multiple long-range inhibitory circuits. Therefore, populations of neurons in LP projecting to AL integrate signals from a variety of cortical and subcortical areas.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual intracortical and transthalamic pathways carry distinct information to cortical areas

Blot

¹

,

Roth

²

,

Gasler

³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Sensory processing involves information flow between neocortical areas, assumed to rely on direct intracortical projections. However, cortical areas may also communicate indirectly via higher-order nuclei in the thalamus, such as the pulvinar or lateral posterior nucleus (LP) in the visual system. The fine-scale organization and function of these cortico-thalamo-cortical pathways remains unclear. We find that responses of mouse LP neurons projecting to higher visual areas likely derive from feedforward input from primary visual cortex (V1) combined with information from many cortical and subcortical areas, including superior colliculus. Signals from LP projections to different higher visual areas are tuned to specific features of visual stimuli and their locomotor context, distinct from the signals carried by direct intracortical projections from V1. Thus, visual transthalamic pathways are functionally specific to their cortical target, different from feedforward cortical pathways and combine information from multiple brain regions, linking sensory signals with behavioral context.

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“…(b) Another example of PHb innervation. Scale bars 100 μm with recent data on cell type laminae within the vLGN(Sabbagh et al, 2020).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Projections of ipRGCs and conventional RGCs to retinorecipient brain nuclei

Beier

¹

,

Zhang

²

,

Yurgel

³

et al. 2020

J of Comparative Neurology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), the output neurons of the retina, allow us to perceive our visual environment. RGCs respond to rod/cone input through the retinal circuitry, however, a small population of RGCs are in addition intrinsically photosensitive (ipRGCs) and project to unique targets in the brain to modulate a broad range of subconscious visual behaviors such as pupil constriction and circadian photoentrainment. Despite the discovery of ipRGCs nearly two decades ago, there is still little information about how or if conventional RGCs (non-ipRGCs) target ipRGC-recipient nuclei to influence subconscious visual behavior. Using a dual recombinase fluorescent reporter strategy, we showed that conventional RGCs innervate many subconscious ipRGC-recipient nuclei, apart from the suprachiasmatic nucleus. We revealed previously unrecognized stratification patterns of retinal innervation from ipRGCs and conventional RGCs in the ventral portion of the lateral geniculate nucleus. Further, we found that the percent innervation of ipRGCs and conventional RGCs across ipsiand contralateral nuclei differ. Our data provide a blueprint to understand how conventional RGCs and ipRGCs innervate different brain regions to influence subconscious visual behaviors.

show abstract

Diverse GABAergic neurons organize into subtype‐specific sublaminae in the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 33 publications

References 108 publications

The projections of ipRGCs and conventional RGCs to retinorecipient brain nuclei

The projections of ipRGCs and conventional RGCs to retinorecipient brain nuclei

Visual intracortical and transthalamic pathways carry distinct information to cortical areas

Projections of ipRGCs and conventional RGCs to retinorecipient brain nuclei

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