Diverse Functions of γδ T Cells in the Progression of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Infection

Hou, Wen; Wu, Xiaoli

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.619872

Cited by 7 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…γδT cells are named after their TCR, which is made of a γ- and δ-chain [ 68 ]. Different γδ TCRs recognize specific sets of antigens that are not clearly defined yet [ 69 ].…”

Section: The Hepatic Immune Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studying T Cell Responses to Hepatotropic Viruses in the Liver Microenvironment

2023

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T cells play an important role in the clearance of hepatotropic viruses but may also cause liver injury and contribute to disease progression in chronic hepatitis B and C virus infections which affect millions of people worldwide. The liver provides a unique microenvironment of immunological tolerance and hepatic immune regulation can modulate the functional properties of T cell subsets and influence the outcome of a virus infection. Extensive research over the last years has advanced our understanding of hepatic conventional CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and unconventional T cell subsets and their functions in the liver environment during acute and chronic viral infections. The recent development of new small animal models and technological advances should further increase our knowledge of hepatic immunological mechanisms. Here we provide an overview of the existing models to study hepatic T cells and review the current knowledge about the distinct roles of heterogeneous T cell populations during acute and chronic viral hepatitis.

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“…γδT cells are named after their TCR, which is made of a γ- and δ-chain [ 68 ]. Different γδ TCRs recognize specific sets of antigens that are not clearly defined yet [ 69 ].…”

Section: The Hepatic Immune Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studying T Cell Responses to Hepatotropic Viruses in the Liver Microenvironment

2023

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“…35 Furthermore, some studies have shown that the livers of HCVinfected patients are rich in γδ T-cell recruitment. 36,37 These recruited γδ T cells are mainly Vδ 1 + γδ T-cells that produce higher levels of IFN-γ and likely exacerbate HCV-induced hepatitis. 36,37 According to another study, HCV infection enhances cytotoxicity of γδ T-cells to hepatocytes, thereby aggravating liver injury 38 ; however, it was noted that peripherally activated Vγ 9 Vδ 2 T cells in humans were associated with significantly reduced HCV RNA levels.…”

Section: γδ T Cells and Experimental/acute Liver Failurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: γδ T Cells and Viral Hepatitismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, some studies have shown that the livers of HCV‐infected patients are rich in γδ T‐cell recruitment 36,37 . These recruited γδ T cells are mainly Vδ 1 + γδ T‐cells that produce higher levels of IFN‐γ and likely exacerbate HCV‐induced hepatitis 36,37 . According to another study, HCV infection enhances cytotoxicity of γδ T‐cells to hepatocytes, thereby aggravating liver injury 38 ; however, it was noted that peripherally activated Vγ 9 Vδ 2 T cells in humans were associated with significantly reduced HCV RNA levels.…”

Section: γδ T Cells and Viral Hepatitismentioning

confidence: 99%

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γδ T cells: The potential role in liver disease and implications for cancer immunotherapy

Ren

Liu

et al. 2022

Journal of Leukocyte Biology

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The γδ T cell subset was discovered over 30 years ago, yet continues to be an exciting and challenging component of the adaptive immune response. While γδ T cells represent a very small fraction of all T cells in humans, γδ T cells have a vital effect on human immunity, serving as a bridge between the innate and adaptive immune systems. The characteristics of γδ T cells include recognition of non-MHC restrictive antigens, as well as the ability to secrete an abundance of cytokines, suggesting that γδ T cells have high antitumor activity. As such, they have gained ample attention with respect to tumor immunotherapy in the last decade. The γδ T cell subset comprises up to ∼15-20% of the T-lymphocyte population in the liver, although the liver is recognized as an immune organ with primary immune functions, the role of γδ T cells in liver disease has not been established. Herein, we present a comprehensive overview of molecular mechanisms underlying immune γδ T cell activity in liver disease, including immune liver injury, viral hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, and review γδ T cell-based clinical immunotherapeutic approaches.

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“…γδ T Vδ1 + liver lymphocytes have been described as necessary for the effective antitumor response in a TNF- and IFN-γ−dependent manner [ 219 ]. Such γδ T lymphocyte populations have been associated with immunogenic responses in HCV infection [ 220 , 221 , 222 ]. In plasmodium infection, γδ T lymphocytes were also described as having an important protective role [ 223 , 224 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Liver and the Hepatic Immune Response in Trypanosoma cruzi Infection, a Historical and Updated View

et al. 2021

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Chagas disease was described more than a century ago and, despite great efforts to understand the underlying mechanisms that lead to cardiac and digestive manifestations in chronic patients, much remains to be clarified. The disease is found beyond Latin America, including Japan, the USA, France, Spain, and Australia, and is caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. Dr. Carlos Chagas described Chagas disease in 1909 in Brazil, and hepatomegaly was among the clinical signs observed. Currently, hepatomegaly is cited in most papers published which either study acutely infected patients or experimental models, and we know that the parasite can infect multiple cell types in the liver, especially Kupffer cells and dendritic cells. Moreover, liver damage is more pronounced in cases of oral infection, which is mainly found in the Amazon region. However, the importance of liver involvement, including the hepatic immune response, in disease progression does not receive much attention. In this review, we present the very first paper published approaching the liver’s participation in the infection, as well as subsequent papers published in the last century, up to and including our recently published results. We propose that, after infection, activated peripheral T lymphocytes reach the liver and induce a shift to a pro-inflammatory ambient environment. Thus, there is an immunological integration and cooperation between peripheral and hepatic immunity, contributing to disease control.

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Diverse Functions of γδ T Cells in the Progression of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Infection

Cited by 7 publications

References 55 publications

Studying T Cell Responses to Hepatotropic Viruses in the Liver Microenvironment

Studying T Cell Responses to Hepatotropic Viruses in the Liver Microenvironment

γδ T cells: The potential role in liver disease and implications for cancer immunotherapy

The Liver and the Hepatic Immune Response in Trypanosoma cruzi Infection, a Historical and Updated View

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