Diverse Enzymes With Industrial Applications in Four Thraustochytrid Genera

Abstract

Thraustochytrids are heterotrophic fungus-like protists that can dissolve organic matters with enzymes. Four strains, AP45, ASP1, ASP2, and ASP4, were isolated from the coastal water of Taiwan, and respectively identified as Aurantiochytrium sp., Schizochytrium sp., Parietichytrium sp., and Botryochytrium sp. based on 18S rRNA sequences. Transcriptome datasets of these four strains at days 3-5 were generated using Next Generation Sequencing technology, and screened for enzymes with potential industrial applications. Functional annotations based on KEGG database suggest that many unigenes of all four strains were related to the pathways of industrial enzymes. Most of all four strains contained homologous genes for 15 out of the 17 targeted enzymes, and had extra-and/or intra-cellular enzymatic activities, including urease, asparaginase, lipase, glucosidase, alkaline phosphatase and protease. Complete amino sequences of the first-time identified L-asparaginase and phytase in thraustochytrids were retrieved, and respectively categorized to the Type I and BPPhy families based on phylogenetic relationships, protein structural modeling and active sites. Milligram quantities of highly purified, soluble protein of urease and L-asparaginase were successfully harvested and analyzed for recombinant enzymatic activities. These analytical results highlight the diverse enzymes for widerange applications in thraustochytrids.

Growth, Fatty Acid Composition and Extracellular Enzyme Production in the Thraustochytrid, Aurantiochytrium Cultured in Molasses-Based Medium

“…Microbes improve the bioavailability of organic phosphoric compounds with these enzymes. Phosphatases are also distributed in various thraustochytrid genera and species [35,36]. Our present results demonstrated that the productions of these enzymes are prohibited under the M medium, and recovered by acclimatization treatment (Table 7).…”

PUFA and carotenoid producing thraustochytrids and their anti-microbial and antioxidant activities

“…Thraustochytrids are known to secrete a variety of hydrolytic extracellular enzymes such as amylases, protease, cellulase, lipase, pectinase, esterase, and phosphatase (Taoka et al, 2009;Taoka et al, 2017;Lin et al, 2020). They contribute significantly to the carbon cycle in coastal waters by decomposing organic substrates such as cell walls and phenolic compounds such as tannins (Raghukumar, 2017).…”