Diverging roles of the anterior insula in trauma-exposed individuals vulnerable or resilient to posttraumatic stress disorder

Jeong, Hyeok; Chung, Yong An; Ma, Jiyoung; Kim, Jungyoon; Hong, Gahae; Oh, Jin Kyoung; Kim, Myeongju; Ha, Eunji; Hong, Haejin; Yoon, Sujung; Lyoo, In Kyoon

doi:10.1038/s41598-019-51727-3

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…However, attention/executive deficit with prefrontal hypometabolism was persisting in all patients 6 months after COVD-19 onset. Lasting anxio-depressive symptoms were also observed in agreement with persistent hypometabolism in the right insula which is involved in post-traumatic stress disorder [10]. Our data also reveals heterogeneity in patient outcomes.…”

Section: Suv Ratiosupporting

confidence: 79%

The cerebral network of COVID-19-related encephalopathy: a longitudinal voxel-based 18F-FDG-PET study

Soret

Pyatigoskaya

Habert

et al. 2021

Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging

122

105

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Purpose Little is known about the neuronal substrates of neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with COVID-19 and their evolution during the course of the disease. We aimed at describing the longitudinal brain metabolic pattern in COVID-19related encephalopathy using 18F-FDG-PET/CT. Methods Seven patients with variable clinical presentations of COVID-19-related encephalopathy were explored thrice with brain 18F-FDG-PET/CT, once in the acute phase, 1 month later and 6 months after COVID-19 onset. PET images were analysed with voxel-wise and regions-of-interest approaches in comparison with 32 healthy controls. Results Patients' neurological manifestations during acute encephalopathy were heterogeneous. However, all of them presented with predominant cognitive and behavioural frontal disorders. SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR in the CSF was negative for all patients. MRI revealed no specific abnormalities for most of the subjects. All patients had a consistent pattern of hypometabolism in a widespread cerebral network including the frontal cortex, anterior cingulate, insula and caudate nucleus. Six months after COVID-19 onset, the majority of patients clinically had improved but cognitive and emotional disorders of varying severity remained with attention/executive disabilities and anxio-depressive symptoms, and lasting prefrontal, insular and subcortical 18F-FDG-PET/CT abnormalities. Conclusion The implication of this widespread network could be the neural substrate of clinical features observed in patients with COVID-19, such as frontal lobe syndrome, emotional disturbances and deregulation of respiratory failure perception. This study suggests that this network remains mildly to severely impaired 6 months after disease onset.

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Section: Suv Ratiosupporting

confidence: 79%

The cerebral network of COVID-19-related encephalopathy: a longitudinal voxel-based 18F-FDG-PET study

Soret

Pyatigoskaya

Habert

et al. 2021

Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging

122

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Nonetheless, results from human studies and extensive inter-connectivity of the insular cortex with other fear and anxiety processing brain regions make it worth extensive investigation. Several human neuroimaging studies have consistently shown that the altered structure and activity of the insular cortex is related to anxiety disorders 5 – 7 . Additionally, the insular cortex has widespread mutual connections with cognitive and emotional information processing brain regions 8 , 9 , therefore, it is well positioned to integrate and assess various information.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of the anterior insular cortex in restraint-stress induced fear behaviors

Park

Cho

Huh

2022

Sci Rep

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Anxiety disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), are thought to occur by dysfunction in the fear and anxiety-related brain circuit, however, the exact mechanisms remain unknown. Recent human studies have shown that the right anterior insular cortex (aIC) activity is positively correlated with the severity of PTSD symptoms. Understanding the role of the aIC in fear and anxiety may provide insights into the etiology of anxiety disorders. We used a modified shock-probe defensive burying behavioral test, which utilizes the natural propensity of rodents to bury potentially dangerous objects, to test the role of aIC in fear. Mice exposed to restraint stress exhibited burying of the restrainer-resembling object, indicative of defensive behavior. Electrolytic ablation of the aIC significantly diminished this defensive burying behavior, suggesting the involvement of the aIC. Single-unit recording of pyramidal neurons in the aIC showed that a proportion of neurons which increased activity in the presence of a restrainer-resembling object was significantly correlated with the defensive burying behavior. This correlation was only present in mice exposed to restraint stress. These results suggest that altered neuronal representation in the aIC may regulate fear and anxiety after exposure to a traumatic event. Overall, our result demonstrates that the aIC mediates fear and anxiety and that it could be a potential target for treating anxiety disorders.

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“…There were several reports regarding stress with brain glucose metabolism of amygdala, insula, striatum (54; 55) and depression with that of hippocampus, frontal lobe (56). The association of psychological cluster with brain glucose metabolism of thalamus and hippocampus became prominent in 5-year follow-up, not in baseline study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain glucose metabolism and ageing: A 5-year longitudinal study in a large PET cohort

Pak

Malén

Santavirta

et al. 2022

Preprint

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BackgroundAgeing and clinical factors impact brain glucose metabolism. However, there is a substantial variation of the reported effects on brain glucose metabolism across studies due to the limited statistical power and cross-sectional study designs.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed data from 441 healthy males (mean 42.8, range 38-50 years) who underwent health check-up program twice at baseline and 5-year follow-up. Health check-up program included 1) brain 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET), 2) anthropometric and body composition measurements, 3) blood samples, and 4) questionnaires for stress and depression. After spatial normalization of brain FDG PET scans, standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) was measured from 12 region-of-interests. We used hierarchical clustering analysis to reduce their dimensionality before the Bayesian hierarchical modelling. Five clusters were established for predicting regional SUVR; 1) metabolic cluster (body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, fat percentage, muscle percentage, homeostatic model assessment index-insulin resistance), 2) blood pressure (systolic, diastolic), 3) glucose (fasting plasma glucose level, HbA1c), 4): psychological cluster (stress, depression), and 5) heart rate. The effects of clinical variable clusters on regional SUVR were investigated using Bayesian hierarchical modelling with brms that applies the Markov-Chain Monte Carlo sampling tools.ResultsAll the clinical variables except depression changed during the 5-year follow-up. SUVR decreased in caudate, cingulate, frontal lobe and parietal lobe and increased in cerebellum, hippocampus, occipital lobe, pallidum, putamen, temporal lobe and thalamus. SUVRs of thalamus, pallidum, hippocampus, putamen and parietal lobe were negatively associated with metabolic cluster and the effects of glucose on SUVRs varied across regions. SUVRs of thalamus, hippocampus, cingulate, cerebellum increased and those with occipital lobe decreased with heart rate. The effects of blood pressure and psychological cluster markedly overlapped with zero across regions.ConclusionRegionally selective decline in brain glucose utilization begins already in the middle age, while individual differences in brain glucose metabolism remain stable. In addition to ageing, brain glucose utilization is also associated with metabolic cluster, blood glucose levels and heart rate. These effects are also consistent over the studied period of 5 years in the middle adulthood.

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Diverging roles of the anterior insula in trauma-exposed individuals vulnerable or resilient to posttraumatic stress disorder

Cited by 15 publications

References 33 publications

The cerebral network of COVID-19-related encephalopathy: a longitudinal voxel-based 18F-FDG-PET study

The cerebral network of COVID-19-related encephalopathy: a longitudinal voxel-based 18F-FDG-PET study

Role of the anterior insular cortex in restraint-stress induced fear behaviors

Brain glucose metabolism and ageing: A 5-year longitudinal study in a large PET cohort

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