Divergent strategies in low temperature environment for the sibling species Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans: overwintering in extension border areas of France and comparison with African populations

Boulétreau-Merle, Josselyne; Fouillet, P.; Varaldi, Julien

doi:10.1023/b:evec.0000005632.21186.21

Cited by 33 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Rather, the smaller population size and increased frequency of derived alleles in lower-latitude populations are consistent with these populations experiencing greater environmental stresses than their more temperate counterparts. This is supported by studies suggesting that D. simulans may be better adapted to cold temperatures (Petavy et al 2001;Chakir et al 2002) and less adapted to hot temperatures (Jenkins and Hoffmann 1994;Kellermann et al 2012), although results across studies are somewhat equivocal in their conclusions (Parsons 1977;Boulétreau-Merle et al 2003;David et al 2004). Our own results, in contrast to the genomic results of Machado et al (2015), would require confirmation from comparing patterns of diversity among additional populations along latitudinal clines.…”

Section: Adaptation Out Of Ancestral Rangesupporting

confidence: 66%

Genomic Patterns of Geographic Differentiation in Drosophila simulans

2016

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Geographic patterns of genetic differentiation have long been used to understand population history and to learn about the biological mechanisms of adaptation. Here we present an examination of genomic patterns of differentiation between northern and southern populations of Australian and North American Drosophila simulans, with an emphasis on characterizing signals of parallel differentiation. We report on the genomic scale of differentiation and functional enrichment of outlier SNPs. While, overall, signals of shared differentiation are modest, we find the strongest support for parallel differentiation in genomic regions that are associated with regulation. Comparisons to Drosophila melanogaster yield potential candidate genes involved in local adaptation in both species, providing insight into common selective pressures and responses. In contrast to D. melanogaster, in D. simulans we observe patterns of variation that are inconsistent with a model of temperate adaptation out of a tropical ancestral range, highlighting potential differences in demographic and colonization histories of this cosmopolitan species pair.KEYWORDS geographic variation; population genomics; Drosophila T HE geographic distribution of genetic or phenotypic variation can provide valuable insight into the process of adaptation. For example, consistent patterns of genetic variation across space have long been interpreted as evidence for local adaptation owing to spatially varying selection (Endler 1977; Adrion et al. 2015). This is well illustrated in populations of Drosophila melanogaster, a model system showing consistent phenotypic and molecular clines across environmental gradients (Hoffmann and Weeks 2007). Among these, the association of latitude with variation in ecologically relevant traits such as heat knockdown resistance, chill coma recovery, and diapause incidence Schmidt and Paaby 2008) provides strong support for local adaptation to climate.Despite efforts to understand the potential adaptive nature of molecular variation in populations of Drosophila, there remains some disconnect between our understanding of allele-frequency clines and phenotypic clines, of which the latter are more easily and intuitively interpretable. For the vast majority of clinal molecular polymorphisms in Drosophila, the mechanisms underlying their maintenance are poorly understood. Nevertheless, because gene flow in Drosophila is thought to be high, strong differentiation often can be argued as evidence of local adaptation. Moreover, because the physical scale of linkage disequilibrium (LD) in Drosophlia is often smaller than the size of genes (Langley et al. 2012), differentiation between populations generally is associated with hypotheses regarding individual genes as targets of selection.Observation of parallel patterns of differentiation furthers the argument for an adaptive basis to differentiation, and in general, comparisons of patterns of variation across independent replicate geographic transects may contribute to an understanding of...

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Section: Adaptation Out Of Ancestral Rangesupporting

confidence: 66%

Genomic Patterns of Geographic Differentiation in Drosophila simulans

2016

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“…A striking example is the lack of clinal variation in D. simulans for stress resistance traits including cold resistance along a gradient from tropical to temperate areas despite clines along the same gradients in D. melanogaster (Arthur et al, 2008;David et al, 2004). Altitudinal variation in stress resistance and other traits in D. simulans is also less pronounced than in D. buzzatii (Sarup et al, 2009) whereas the viability of African populations of D. simulans at cool temperatures is similar to that of temperate populations, in contrast to the population differences exhibited by D. melanogaster (Bouletreau-Merle et al, 2003).…”

Section: Geographical Limits and Gene Flowmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Curves for viability in African D. melanogaster are shifted to the right of those for temperate populations (Bouletreau-Merle et al, 2003;David et al, 2004). This leads to improved performance at warm temperatures but poorer performance under cool conditions.…”

Section: Geographical Limits and Gene Flowmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Physiological climatic limits inDrosophila: patterns and implications

Hoffmann

2010

Journal of Experimental Biology

325

354

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SummaryPhysiological limits determine susceptibility to environmental changes, and can be assessed at the individual, population or species/lineage levels. Here I discuss these levels in Drosophila, and consider implications for determining species susceptibility to climate change. Limits at the individual level in Drosophila depend on experimental technique and on the context in which traits are evaluated. At the population level, evidence from selection experiments particularly involving Drosophila melanogaster indicate high levels of heritable variation and evolvability for coping with thermal stresses and aridity. An exception is resistance to high temperatures, which reaches a plateau in selection experiments and has a low heritability/evolvability when temperatures are ramped up to a stressful level. In tropical Drosophila species, populations are limited in their ability to evolve increased desiccation and cold resistance. Population limits can arise from trait and gene interactions but results from different laboratory studies are inconsistent and likely to underestimate the strength of interactions under field conditions. Species and lineage comparisons suggest phylogenetic conservatism for resistance to thermal extremes and other stresses. Plastic responses set individual limits but appear to evolve slowly in Drosophila. There is more species-level variation in lower thermal limits and desiccation resistance compared with upper limits, which might reflect different selection pressures and/or low evolvability. When extremes are considered, tropical Drosophila species do not appear more threatened than temperate species by higher temperatures associated with global warming, contrary to recent conjectures. However, species from the humid tropics may be threatened if they cannot adapt genetically to drier conditions.

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“…This worldwide expansion from the tropics has required adaptation to the pronounced seasonality present in temperate habitats, and there are many examples of both single-gene polymorphism and quantitative trait variation that show geographic patterns associated with the transition from tropical to temperate climates in this species (6,7). There also is good evidence that D. melanogaster overwinters at the adult stage in temperate habitats (8,9), and that temperate populations do not merely reflect recurrent migration from more moderate climates (10,11). This overwintering survivorship clearly presents a variety of challenges, including the need for lifespan extension well beyond that typically measured in the laboratory, as well as increased physiological tolerance of extended exposure to suboptimal conditions (12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An amino acid polymorphism in the couch potato gene forms the basis for climatic adaptation in Drosophila melanogaster

Schmidt

Zhu

Das

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

183

219

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Diapause is the classic adaptation to seasonality in arthropods, and its expression can result in extreme lifespan extension as well as enhanced resistance to environmental challenges. Little is known about the underlying evolutionary genetic architecture of diapause in any organism. Drosophila melanogaster exhibits a reproductive diapause that is variable within and among populations; the incidence of diapause increases with more temperate climates and has significant pleiotropic effects on a number of life history traits. Using quantitative trait mapping, we identified the RNAbinding protein encoding gene couch potato (cpo) as a major genetic locus determining diapause phenotype in D. melanogaster and independently confirmed this ability to impact diapause expression through genetic complementation mapping. By sequencing this gene in samples from natural populations we demonstrated through linkage association that variation for the diapause phenotype is caused by a single Lys/Ile substitution in one of the six cpo transcripts. Complementation analyses confirmed that the identified amino acid variants are functionally distinct with respect to diapause expression, and the polymorphism also shows geographic variation that closely mirrors the known latitudinal cline in diapause incidence. Our results suggest that a naturally occurring amino acid polymorphism results in the variable expression of a diapause syndrome that is associated with the seasonal persistence of this model organism in temperate habitats.cline ͉ diapause ͉ life history ͉ mapping ͉ tradeoff N atural populations encounter environmental stresses that diminish individual fitness, and these stresses are variable across space and time. It is predicted that the resulting natural selection often leads to a situation in which no genotype has the highest fitness across all environments, and polymorphism is maintained. This concept is pervasive in arguments about the evolution of life history variation and associated genetic tradeoffs (1). However, the expected molecular polymorphism associated with life history tradeoffs and adaptation remains elusive. Although we would expect these phenomena to be universal, the complexities of genetic dissection of such variation suggest that the best opportunity to identify the genetic basis for life history variation lies in the study of the genetic models in their natural populations (2).Drosophila melanogaster is a human commensal that has spread from areas of Sub-Saharan Africa to Europe and Asia, possibly over the last 5,000 to 16,000 years, and into the Western Hemisphere and Australia in the past several hundred years (3-5). This worldwide expansion from the tropics has required adaptation to the pronounced seasonality present in temperate habitats, and there are many examples of both single-gene polymorphism and quantitative trait variation that show geographic patterns associated with the transition from tropical to temperate climates in this species (6, 7). There also is good evidence that D. melanogaster ov...

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Divergent strategies in low temperature environment for the sibling species Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans: overwintering in extension border areas of France and comparison with African populations

Cited by 33 publications

References 33 publications

Genomic Patterns of Geographic Differentiation in Drosophila simulans

Genomic Patterns of Geographic Differentiation in Drosophila simulans

Physiological climatic limits inDrosophila: patterns and implications

An amino acid polymorphism in the couch potato gene forms the basis for climatic adaptation in Drosophila melanogaster

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