Divergent Selection in Alfalfa for Resistance to Sclerotinia Crown and Stem Rot

Halimi, Entis Sutisna; Rowe, D. E.; Aung, Myint

doi:10.2135/cropsci1994.0011183x003400060003x

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Apart from many limitations, the chemicals are unable to provide full disease suppression in many plants, and have an (Maji et al 2003), no conscious attempts have so far been made to select genotypes with a high level of resistance against bacterial leaf spot in mulberry. Similarly the magnitude and type of genetic variation for disease resistance are available in many crop plants (Uhr & Murphy 1992;Halimi et al 1994;Jindal & Shankar 2002); however this type of information is still lacking for mulberry. It has been established that wild species and/or land races of the cultivated plants are capable of resisting many infections that occur in nature and germplasm is considered as the prospective source of resistance for many diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic analysis of disease resistance againstXanthomonas campestrispv.moriin mulberry (Morusspp.) and identification of germplasm with high resistance

Banerjee

Maji

Ghosh

et al. 2009

Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection

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Genetic analysis of disease resistance against Xanthomonas campestris pv. mori in mulberry (Morus spp.) and identification of germplasm with high resistance, Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection, 42:3, 291-297, AbstractScreening of 82 mulberry germplasms under field conditions against bacterial leaf spot (BLS) caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. mori exhibited considerable variability for BLS resistance ratings amongst the genotypes. Nearly immune reaction to BLS was observed in Rotundiloba followed by MS-8, Kolitha-9, Kolitha-3 and Mandalaya ( 2) indicated the potentiality of these genotypes for their utilization as a source material towards development of mulberry for bacterial leaf spot resistance. In addition to highly significant variation between the genotypes and high coefficient of variation, high heritability was also estimated along with high genetic gain for BLS resistance ratings. The trait is probably under the influence of additive gene effect. Hence, direct selection of genotypes for BLS resistance ratings would be useful in mulberry improvement programmes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic analysis of disease resistance againstXanthomonas campestrispv.moriin mulberry (Morusspp.) and identification of germplasm with high resistance

Banerjee

Maji

Ghosh

et al. 2009

Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection

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“…This technique is long-lasting and additionally highly depends on the year and environment interactions. Moreover, resistance breeding is efficient only when based on the recurrent selection strategy which in turn requires even more resources [6]. There are several methods developed which enable to screen breeding material in laboratory and greenhouse conditions [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, they are more suitable for the search of resistant material for creating new cross combinations. The later development of highly resistant cultivars possessing desirable agronomic traits can be done only when thousands of plants are tested during cycles of recurrent selection because of the tetraploidy and cross-pollination of lucerne [5,9,10]. Most desirable is selection of resistant plants just from their seed germination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance of lucerne (<i>Medicago</i> spp.) germinating seeds to oxalic acid

Liatukienė¹,

Liatukas²,

Ruzgas³

2009

Biologija

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Resistance to oxalic acid (OA) of 37 lucerne and 3 red clover accessions was evaluated. The seeds of test entries were germinated in Petri dishes on filter paper moistened with 7 OA water solution concentrations: 0, 5, 7.5, 10, 15, 20, 30 mM. The test lucerne accessions did not differ by resistance to OA in regard to the origin of accessions or their development status. Accessions considerably differed by resistance at a concentration of 10 mM of OA solution. More than a third (42%) of lucerne accessions were totally susceptible to OA at conc. 30 mM. However, 0.0-23.8% of resistant seedlings of these accessions were found at OA conc. 20 mM. Lucerne accessions showing resistance (0.7-3.8%) at OA conc. 30 mM expressed a similar resistance level (3.1-26.7%) to OA conc. 20 mM as well as accessions totally susceptible to OA conc. 30 mM. The OA conc. 20 mM was adequate for selection of resistant seedlings in breeding material with a lower resistance, and conc. 30 mM was suitable for screening more resistant accessions. This method showed an efficient possibility to select seedlings resistant to OA and in turn to Sclerotinia spp. pathogens using simple materials and less work inputs as compared with methods described in the literature.

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“…Response to recurrent selection in alfalfa for quantitatively inherited traits has been reported for disease resistance, seed size, root characteristics, floral characteristics, and nutritive value (e.g. Gjuric and Smith, 1997, Halimi et al, 1994, Knapp and Teuber, 1994, Pederson et al, 1984, Shenk and Elliott, 1970, Wang et al, 1991. Response to selection is a product of the heritability of the trait, the intensity of selection, and the phenotypic variation observed in the trait (Falconer and Mackay, 1996).…”

Section: Recurrent Selection In Alfalfamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In alfalfa, asymmetrical responses to selection have been observed in bidirectional selection for root bark area (Wang et al, 1991), ease of floret tripping (Knapp and Teuber, 1994), and seed size (Gjuric and Smith, 1997). Conversely, bidirectional selection for Sclerotina crown and stem rot was symmetrical for resistance and susceptibility (Halimi et al, 1994). This trait is likely controlled polygenically, with few effects from major genes (Halimi et al, 1994).…”

Section: Recurrent Selection In Alfalfamentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) for germination and seedling vigor at suboptimal temperatures: and laboratory and field response to selection within six alfalfa populations

Klos

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Introduction Materials and Methods 60 Results and Discussion References CHAPTER 5. GENERAL CONCLUSIONS General Discussion Recommendations for Future Research References temperatures in the laboratoiy with seed lot quality, 100-seed mass, and field emergence; (ii) to assess progress realized from phenotypic recurrent selection for germination rate and seedling growth at low temperatures under laboratory conditions in six alfalfa populations; and (iii) to asses progress in the field from phenotypic recurrent selection for cold temperature germination and seedling vigor under laboratory conditions performed in six alfalfa populations. Dissertation Organization This dissertation has been organized into four parts. The first part, this chapter, is a review of literature pertinent to the overall subject of study. The remaining chapters are organized as manuscripts to be submitted to refereed publications. Each chapter includes an abstract, introduction, materials and methods, and results and discussion section. References are listed for each part. Literature Review Origin and Adaptation of Cultivated Alfalfa Alfalfa (Adedicago sativa L.) originated near Iran, with related species located throughout central Asia and into Siberia (Barnes and Sheaffer, 1995; Hill, 1987). Cultivated alfalfa may have been in use as early at 7000 B.C, but the earliest known reference to alfalfa was from Turkey in 1300 B.C. (Hill, 1987). The use of alfalfa as animal feed was documented in the Roman Empire as early as c. 490 B.C. (Bames and Sheaffer, 1995). Alfalfa, introduced to North America in 1736, is now worldwide in distribution (Bames and Sheaffer, 1995). About 57% of U.S. production is in the north central states (esp. Wisconsin, Iowa, South Dakota, Minnesota), where it is primarily harvested and stored as hay or silage for on-farm use (Bames and Sheaffer, 1995). 3 Alfalfa is adapted to growth in cool or warm, dry climates (Hill, 1987), and is tolerant of temperature extremes (below-25 C and above 50 C) (Barnes and Sheaffer, 1995). The number of harvests per year varies from one in northem and arid regions to ten under irrigation in the southwest (Bames and SheafTer, 1995). Production is generally defined as the amount of forage dry matter (DM) per hectare (Sollenberger and Chemey, 1995). Cultivated alfalfa is naturally outcrossing (Hill, 1987). Most alfalfa cultivars are synthetic populations, produced by intercrossing individual plants selected from a breeding program (Hill, 1987). Because most recently developed synthetics are broad-based populations, formed from more than 40 parents, they can be considered highly heterogenous populations of heterozygous individuals (Bames and Sheaffer, 1995, Hill, 1987). Breeding of alfalfa cultivars in the last 25 years has focused on increases in yield, especially by increased adaptation (such as winter hardiness) and by incorporation of multiple pest resistances (Bames and Sheaffer, 1995, Hill, 1987). Some breeding effort has also been applied to improvements in forage quality, and stand establi...

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Divergent Selection in Alfalfa for Resistance to Sclerotinia Crown and Stem Rot

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Genetic analysis of disease resistance againstXanthomonas campestrispv.moriin mulberry (Morusspp.) and identification of germplasm with high resistance

Genetic analysis of disease resistance againstXanthomonas campestrispv.moriin mulberry (Morusspp.) and identification of germplasm with high resistance

Resistance of lucerne (<i>Medicago</i> spp.) germinating seeds to oxalic acid

Variation in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) for germination and seedling vigor at suboptimal temperatures: and laboratory and field response to selection within six alfalfa populations

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