Divergent mechanisms of iron-containing enzymes for hydrocarbon biosynthesis

Abstract

Increasing levels of energy consumption, dwindling resources, and environmental considerations have served as compelling motivations to explore renewable alternatives to petroleum-based fuels, including enzymatic routes for hydrocarbon synthesis. Phylogenetically diverse species have long been recognized to produce hydrocarbons, but many of the enzymes responsible have been identified within the past decade. The enzymatic conversion of C chain length fatty aldehydes (or acids) to C hydrocarbons, alkanes or alkenes, involves a C-C scission reaction. Surprisingly, the enzymes involved in hydrocarbon synthesis utilize non-heme mononuclear iron, dinuclear iron, and thiolate-ligated heme cofactors that are most often associated with monooxygenation reactions. In this review, we examine the mechanisms of several enzymes involved in hydrocarbon biosynthesis, with specific emphasis on the structural and electronic changes that enable this functional switch.

Signaling pathways and defense mechanisms of ferroptosis

“…Overall, these findings indicate that a highly complex iron metabolism network controls iron levels in cells, which affects the Fenton reaction and subsequently the production of ROS for ferroptosis. It is worth noting that many metabolic enzymes used in the redox reaction and lipid peroxidation are iron-dependent enzymes [38,39]. However, it is a challenge to distinguish the contributions of iron-dependent ROS production and iron-dependent enzyme activity to ferroptosis regulation.…”

A Novel Fungal Lipase With Methanol Tolerance and Preference for Macaw Palm Oil

“…However, this process requires high-cost metallic catalysts, large amounts of hydrogen, elevated temperatures and highpressure conditions, which makes it not economically viable, technologically complex, and environmentally unfavorable (Zhang et al, 2011;Yan et al, 2015;Sousa et al, 2018;Li et al, 2019). Alternatively, enzymatic routes for biohydrocarbon production have been investigated since they can act at mild industrial conditions and present high selectivity, which precludes undesirable side reactions, besides providing pure products with high yields (Beller et al, 2010;Schirmer et al, 2010;Wang and Lu, 2013;Herman and Zhang, 2016;Scrutton, 2017;Wise et al, 2017;Zargar et al, 2017;Knoot and Pakrasi, 2019).…”

Bio‐based α,ω‐Functionalized Hydrocarbons from Multi‐step Reaction Sequences with Bio‐ and Metallo‐catalysts Based on the Fatty Acid Decarboxylase OleTJE

“…Four specific enzymes, OleT, UndA, UndB, and recently characterized CYP‐Sm46, directly catalyze the enzymatic conversion of fatty acids to terminal alkenes . The fatty acid decarboxylase cytochrome P450 OleT (CYP152L1) from Jeotgalicoccus sp.…”

“…Four specific enzymes, OleT,U ndA, UndB,a nd recently characterized CYP-Sm46,d irectly catalyzet he enzymatic conversion of fatty acids to terminal alkenes. [5][6][7] The fatty acid decarboxylase cytochromeP 450 OleT (CYP152L1) from Jeotgalicoccus sp. ATCC 8456 possesses the unique ability to converts aturated and (E)-unsaturated long-chain fatty acids to the corresponding 1-alkenes at neutral pH and room temperature.…”