Divergent effects of absolute evidence magnitude on decision accuracy and confidence in perceptual judgements

Ko, Yiu Hong; Feuerriegel, Daniel; Turner, William; Overhoff, Helen; Niessen, Eva; Stähl, Jutta; Hester, Robert; Fink, Gereon R.; Weiss, Peter H.; Bode, Stefan

doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105125

Cited by 6 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(90 reference statements)

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“…In other words, if a participant is highly confident in a decision, this will affect the speed and the force with which they report this decision. Research has identified multiple stimulus-related characteristics that alter the accuracy of confidence judgments, like relative and absolute evidence strength ( Peters et al, 2017 ; Ko et al, 2022 ) or evidence reliability ( Boldt et al, 2017 ). If sensory evidence is unambiguous, an easy decision will accordingly lead to high certainty of having made a correct response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between response dynamics and the formation of confidence varies across the lifespan

Overhoff

Fink

et al. 2022

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Accurate metacognitive judgments, such as forming a confidence judgment, are crucial for goal-directed behavior but decline with older age. Besides changes in the sensory processing of stimulus features, there might also be changes in the motoric aspects of giving responses that account for age-related changes in confidence. In order to assess the association between confidence and response parameters across the adult lifespan, we measured response times and peak forces in a four-choice flanker task with subsequent confidence judgments. In 65 healthy adults from 20 to 76 years of age, we showed divergent associations of each measure with confidence, depending on decision accuracy. Participants indicated higher confidence after faster responses in correct but not incorrect trials. They also indicated higher confidence after less forceful responses in errors but not in correct trials. Notably, these associations were age-dependent as the relationship between confidence and response time was more pronounced in older participants, while the relationship between confidence and response force decayed with age. Our results add to the notion that confidence is related to response parameters and demonstrate noteworthy changes in the observed associations across the adult lifespan. These changes potentially constitute an expression of general age-related deficits in performance monitoring or, alternatively, index a failing mechanism in the computation of confidence in older adults.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between response dynamics and the formation of confidence varies across the lifespan

Overhoff

Fink

et al. 2022

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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“…We aimed to experimentally manipulate subjective confidence independently of task accuracy using the so-called "positive evidence bias" (PEB) phenomenon that has been observed repeatedly in human (Desender et al, 2018;Ko et al, 2022;Koizumi et al, 2015;Rollwage et al, 2020;Samaha et al, 2016Samaha et al, , 2016Samaha et al, , 2019Zylberberg et al, 2012), monkey (Odegaard et al, 2018), and rodent (Stolyarova et al, 2019) confidence behaviors. The PEB refers to the fact that decision-makers tend to overweight the overall magnitude of evidence in favor of a choice when rating confidence, rather than rely on the actual balance of evidence for both choice alternatives.…”

Section: Isolating Neural Signals Of Perceptual Confidence From Decis...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Signatures of Evidence Accumulation Encode Subjective Perceptual Confidence

Dou

Arango

Castaneda

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Confidence is an adaptive computation when environmental feedback is absent, yet there is little consensus regarding how perceptual confidence is computed in the brain. Difficulty arises because confidence correlates with other factors such as accuracy, response time (RT), or evidence quality. We investigated whether neural signatures of evidence accumulation during a perceptual choice predict subjective confidence independently of these factors. Using motion stimuli, a central-parietal EEG component (CPP) behaves as an accumulating decision variable that predicts evidence quality, RT, accuracy, and confidence (Experiment 1). Psychophysically varying confidence while holding accuracy constant (Experiment 2), the CPP still predicts confidence. Statistically controlling for RT, accuracy, and evidence quality (Experiment 3), the CPP still explains unique variance in confidence. The results indicate that evidence accumulation, indexed by the CPP, is tightly linked to the subjective perceptual experience of sensory information. Independent of other factors, pre-decision neural signatures of evidence accumulation encode subjective confidence.

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“…In other words, if a participant is highly confident in a decision, this will affect the speed and the force with which they report this decision. Research has identified multiple stimulus-related characteristics that alter the accuracy of confidence judgements, like relative and absolute evidence strength (Ko et al, 2022;Peters et al, 2017) or evidence reliability (Boldt et al, 2017). If sensory evidence is unambiguous, an easy decision will accordingly lead to high certainty of having made a correct response.…”

Section: Response Parameters As the Expression Of Confidencementioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between response dynamics and the formation of confidence varies across the lifespan

Overhoff

Fink

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Accurate metacognitive judgements, such as forming a confidence judgement, are crucial for goal-directed behaviour but decline with older age. Besides changes in the sensory processing of stimulus features, there might also be changes in the motoric aspects of giving responses that account for age-related changes in confidence. In order to assess the association between confidence and response parameters across the adult lifespan, we measured response times and peak forces in a four-choice flanker task with subsequent confidence judgements. In 65 healthy adults from 20 to 76 years of age, we showed divergent associations of each measure with confidence, depending on decision accuracy. Participants indicated higher confidence after faster responses in correct but not incorrect trials. They also indicated higher confidence after less forceful responses in errors but not in correct trials. Notably, these associations were age-dependent as the relationship between confidence and response time was more pronounced in older participants, while the relationship between confidence and response force decayed with age. Our results add to the notion that confidence is related to response parameters and demonstrate noteworthy changes in the observed associations across the adult lifespan. These changes potentially constitute an expression of general age-related deficits in performance monitoring or, alternatively, index a failing mechanism in the computation of confidence in older adults.

show abstract

Divergent effects of absolute evidence magnitude on decision accuracy and confidence in perceptual judgements

Cited by 6 publications

References 40 publications

The relationship between response dynamics and the formation of confidence varies across the lifespan

The relationship between response dynamics and the formation of confidence varies across the lifespan

Neural Signatures of Evidence Accumulation Encode Subjective Perceptual Confidence

The relationship between response dynamics and the formation of confidence varies across the lifespan

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