Diurnal Variations of Individual Organic Compound Constituents of Ultrafine and Accumulation Mode Particulate Matter in the Los Angeles Basin

Fine, Philip M.; Chakrabarti, Bhabesh; Krudysz, Meg; Schauer, James J.; Sioutas, Constantinos

doi:10.1021/es0348389

Cited by 196 publications

(171 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(104 reference statements)

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“…All filters were frozen immediately after collection until analysis. Impinger samples were • C for 12 hours and stored in baked aluminum foil prior to deployment (see Fine et al, 2004). g Two-channel (BC+UV) Model AE-21 (Thermo Andersen, Smyrna, GA).…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field Validation of the New Miniature Versatile Aerosol Concentration Enrichment System (mVACES)

Ning

Moore

Polidori

et al. 2006

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Recently a new compact aerosol concentration enrichment system was developed at the University of Southern California, specifically intended to provide particle-laden air at flow rates and pressures suitable for interfacing with on-line continuous aerosol instrumentation for chemical analysis such as mass spectrometers. The re-design and engineering of the miniature Versatile Aerosol Concentration Enrichment System (mVACES) and primarily laboratory-based validation of the individual components and overall system has been previously reported . From September to December 2005, a field performance validation study of the mVACES was conducted in Los Angeles, California at a mixed urban site influenced by both freeway traffic and construction. A variety of continuous and semi-continuous physical and chemical composition measurements were performed to assess the performance of the mVACES compared to accepted methods for validation. Near-ideal performance for aerosol concentration enhancement by the mVACES was observed for mass and number distribution with minimal evidence for distortion of the size distribution. Similarly, near-ideal concentration enhancement factors were observed for both inorganic and organic species suggesting that the mVACES works equally well across the range of externally mixed urban aerosol. The data suggest that aerosol concentration enhancements up to an ideal factor of 20 in a delivered flow on the order of 1.5 liters min -1 are readily achievable in an urban environment for the ambient conditions studied.

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Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field Validation of the New Miniature Versatile Aerosol Concentration Enrichment System (mVACES)

Ning

Moore

Polidori

et al. 2006

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…The total concentrations of hydroxy and aromatic acids were 27 ± 8.8 ng m À3 at PKU versus 37 ± 11 ng m À3 at Yufa. Phthalic acids (8.43e33.7 ng m À3 , mean 21.5 ng m À3 at PKU; 6.91e37.9 ng m À3 , 25.2 ng m À3 at Yufa), which may be derived from the oxidation of naphthalene or other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (Fine et al, 2004), have been proposed as a surrogate for the contributions of secondary oxidation to an ambient aerosol sample, although primary sources such as biomass burning and fossil fuel combustion cannot be excluded (Kawamura and Yasui, 2005). Their isomeric composition was characterized by the predominance of phthalic acid, being consistent with those reported in aerosols from other studies (Wang et al, 2006).…”

Section: Secondary Oxidation Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropogenic and biogenic organic compounds in summertime fine aerosols (PM2.5) in Beijing, China

Yang

Kawamura

Chen

et al. 2016

Atmospheric Environment

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h i g h l i g h t sAnthropogenic and biogenic organic compounds have been studied in PM 2.5 in Beijing. Higher levels of organic species were found in the upwind Yufa than PKU. Biogenic secondary organic carbon accounts for 3.1% of OC at PKU and 5.2% at Yufa. a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c tAmbient fine aerosol samples (PM 2.5 ) were collected at an urban site (PKU) in Beijing and its upwind suburban site (Yufa) during the CAREBEIJING-2007 field campaign. Organic molecular compositions of the PM 2.5 samples were studied for seven organic compound classes (sugars, lignin/resin acids, hydroxy-/ polyacids, aromatic acids, biogenic SOA tracers, fatty acids and phthalates) using capillary GC/MS to better understand the characteristics and sources of organic aerosol pollution in Beijing. More than 60 individual organic species were detected in PM 2.5 and were grouped into different compound classes based on their functional groups. Concentrations of total quantified organics at Yufa (469e1410 ng m À3 , average 1050 ng m À3 ) were slightly higher than those at PKU (523e1390 ng m À3 , 900 ng m À3 ). At both sites, phthalates were found as the most abundant compound class. Using a tracer-based method, the contributions of the biogenic secondary organic carbon (SOC) to organic carbon (OC) were 3.1% at PKU and 5.5% at Yufa, among which isoprene-SOC was the dominant contributor. In addition, most of the measured organic compounds were higher at Yufa than those at PKU, indicating a more serious pollution in its upwind region than in urban Beijing.

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“…A major reaction product of naphthalene and the OH radical is phthalic anhydride, which is believed to quickly undergo hydrolysis once in the particle phase to form phthalic acid (19). Phthalic acid is found in high concentrations in the atmosphere and has been suggested as a single-species surrogate for the contribution of SOA to ambient aerosol (20), making it an important marker compound for aerosol source apportionment purposes. At 25°C, naphthalene has a vapor pressure of 8.5 × 10 −2 Torr, whereas phthalic acid has a lower vapor pressure of 6.4 × 10 −7 Torr (21).…”

Section: Observable Semivolatile Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ measurements of gas/particle-phase transitions for atmospheric semivolatile organic compounds

Williams

Goldstein²,

Kreisberg³

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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An understanding of the gas/particle-phase partitioning of semivolatile compounds is critical in determining atmospheric aerosol formation processes and growth rates, which in turn affect global climate and human health. The Study of Organic Aerosol at Riverside 2005 campaign was performed to gain a better understanding of the factors responsible for aerosol formation and growth in Riverside, CA, a region with high concentrations of secondary organic aerosol formed through the phase transfer of low-volatility reaction products from the oxidation of precursor gases. We explore the ability of the thermal desorption aerosol gas chromatograph (TAG) to measure gas-to-particle-phase transitioning for several organic compound classes (polar and nonpolar) found in the ambient Riverside atmosphere by using in situ observations of several hundred semivolatile organic compounds. Here we compare TAG measurements to modeled partitioning of select semivolatile organic compounds. Although TAG was not designed to quantify the vapor phase of semivolatile organics, TAG measurements do distinguish when specific compounds are dominantly in the vapor phase, are dominantly in the particle phase, or have both phases present. Because the TAG data are both speciated and time-resolved, this distinction is sufficient to see the transition from vapor to particle phase as a function of carbon number and compound class. Laboratory studies typically measure the phase partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds by using pure compounds or simple mixtures, whereas hourly TAG phase partitioning measurements can be made in the complex mixture of thousands of polar/nonpolar and organic/ inorganic compounds found in the atmosphere.gas chromatography | mass spectrometry | organic aerosol | phase partitioning | thermal desorption

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Diurnal Variations of Individual Organic Compound Constituents of Ultrafine and Accumulation Mode Particulate Matter in the Los Angeles Basin

Cited by 196 publications

References 56 publications

Field Validation of the New Miniature Versatile Aerosol Concentration Enrichment System (mVACES)

Field Validation of the New Miniature Versatile Aerosol Concentration Enrichment System (mVACES)

Anthropogenic and biogenic organic compounds in summertime fine aerosols (PM2.5) in Beijing, China

In situ measurements of gas/particle-phase transitions for atmospheric semivolatile organic compounds

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