Diurnal variations in the feeding responses to norepinephrine, neuropeptide Y and galanin in the PVN

Tempel, Donna L.; Leibowitz, Sarah F.

doi:10.1016/0361-9230(90)90177-2

Cited by 116 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…A role for the PVN in this light-phase feeding, is also in agreement with the finding that NPY infused in the PVN affects food intake when injected in the light period and not when injected in the dark period (Tempel and Leibowitz, 1990;van Dijk and Strubbe, 2003). Moreover, in rats injected with AAV-NPY in the LH, food intake was increased in both light and dark phase.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Differential Effects of Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus-Mediated Neuropeptide Y Overexpression in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus and Lateral Hypothalamus on Feeding Behavior

Tiesjema¹,

Adan²,

Luijendijk³

et al. 2007

J. Neurosci.

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It is well known that neuropeptide Y (NPY) increases food intake. The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and the lateral hypothalamus (LH) are both involved in the acute, hyperphagic effects of NPY. Although it is obvious that increased energy intake may lead to obesity, it is less understood which aspects of feeding behavior are affected and whether one or multiple neural sites mediate the effects of long-term increased NPY signaling. By long-term overexpressing NPY in either the PVN or the LH, we uncovered brain site-specific effects of NPY on meal frequency, meal size, and diurnal feeding patterns. In rats injected with adeno-associated virus-NPY in the PVN, increased food intake resulted from an increase in the amount of meals consumed, whereas in rats injected in the LH, increased food intake was attributable to increased meal size. Interestingly, food intake and body weight gain were only temporarily increased in PVN-injected rats, whereas in LH-injected rats hyperphagia and body weight gain remained for the entire 50 d. Moreover, in LH-NPY rats, but not in PVN-NPY rats, diurnal rhythmicity with regard to food intake and body core temperature was lost. These data clearly show that the NPY system differentially regulates energy intake and energy expenditure in the PVN and LH, which together adjust energy balance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Differential Effects of Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus-Mediated Neuropeptide Y Overexpression in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus and Lateral Hypothalamus on Feeding Behavior

Tiesjema¹,

Adan²,

Luijendijk³

et al. 2007

J. Neurosci.

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“…Hence, it has been reported that the levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the areas of the brain that are important in the control of food intake are highest in rats around the time of light offset (Jhanwar-Uniyal, Beck, Burlet, & Leibowitz, 1990). When NPY is administered into those same areas, it causes a relatively selective increase of carbohydrate intake (Leibowitz, 1990(Leibowitz, , 1992, and NPY's ability to stimulate increased consumption is greatest around the time that lights go off (Tempel & Leibowitz, 1990). Hence, both NPY levels and hypothalamic sensitivity to NPY are increased at the time of light offset and, therefore, at the time the largest meal of the day (and the greatest carbohydrate load) is consumed.…”

Section: Anticipatory Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The psychobiology of meals

Woods

Strubbe

1994

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review

102

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“…This is further supported by the evidence showing a preferential effect of NPY on carbohydrate ingestion (132,161,186), its greater potency at the onset of the feeding cycle (172), and the dependence of this behavioral response on circulating CORT and the activation of glucocorticoid receptors (163,174,175). Inyoung animals atweaning, adramatic switch occurs from a dependence on fats to increased utilization and ingestion of carbohydrates (102,134).…”

Section: Possible Physiological Functions Of Hypothalamic Peptidesmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…This pattern in the PVN, which contrasts markedly with the NPY system of the ARC, does not preclude a possible interaction between CORT and GAL in otherhypothalamic sites, where glucocorticoidreceptors co-exist with GAL neurons (6,43). Nor does it preclude a relationship between GAL and carbohydrate ingestion, which may actually be CORT dependent (172,175).…”

Section: Effects Of Adrenal Steroids On Brain Peptide Systems -mentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Peptides and Obesity: Pharmacologic Treatment

Leibowitz

1995

Obesity Research

Self Cite

104

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LEIBOWITZ, SARAH F. Brain peptides and obesity: pharmacologic treatment. ObesRes. 1995;3(Supp14):573S-5893. Obesity results from an imbalance between nutrient ingestion andmetabolism,withmore calories being ingested than utilized. Thebrain plays animportant roleincoordinating these complex behavioral and physiologicalfunctions, operating through multiple neurochemical systems with distinct properties. This review focuses on two hypothalamicpeptide systems, neuropeptide Y (NPY) and galanin (GAL), that illustrate how the brain operates through different mechanisms to control the body's nutrient stores, in different states o r conditions. These peptides have different behavioralandphysiologicaleffects andare,themselves,differentially responsive to feedback signals from circulating steroids,peptides,and nutrients. They canbedistinguishedby their relation to natural feeding patterns and endogenous hormones and by their specificity of action in relation to natural biological rhythms.Theneuroanatomicalsubstrates involved in these actionsaf NPY and GAL are also distinct. The neurocircuit mediating NPY's actions originates in the arcuatenucleus and terminates in the medial portion of the paraventricular nucleus; the GAGcontaining neurons, in contrast, are concentrated in the lateral portion of the paraventricular nucleus, in addition to the medial preoptic area, which contribute to 1ocalGALinnervation as wellas projections to the median eminence. Regarding their distinct functions, the evidence suggests that the NPY system is more closely related to patterns of carbohydrate ingestion andcarbohydrate utilization, channeling nutrients towards the synthesisoffat. Itismost strongly activatedatthestartoftheactive feeding cycle or afterweaning,in close association with the adrenal steroid,corticosterone. The GAL system,in contrast, is more closely associated with patterns of fat consumption and signals related to fat oxidation. This peptide systemis most active duringthemiddleof the feeding cycle or immediately afterpuberty,in close associationwith the gonadal steroids. The gene expression and synthesis of these peptides in their respective neuronal cell groups is inhibited by circulating insulin and altered by dietary nutriFrom the Rockefeller University, New York, NY

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Diurnal variations in the feeding responses to norepinephrine, neuropeptide Y and galanin in the PVN

Cited by 116 publications

References 37 publications

Differential Effects of Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus-Mediated Neuropeptide Y Overexpression in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus and Lateral Hypothalamus on Feeding Behavior

Differential Effects of Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus-Mediated Neuropeptide Y Overexpression in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus and Lateral Hypothalamus on Feeding Behavior

The psychobiology of meals

Brain Peptides and Obesity: Pharmacologic Treatment

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