Diurnal variations in integrated water vapor derived from a GPS ground network in the Volga–Ural region of Russia

Abstract

Abstract. In this article, we present estimates of diurnal and semidiurnal harmonics of variations in integrated water vapor content (IWV) according to data from 16 GPS stations in the Volga-Ural region of Russia during 2013-2015. Amplitudes of diurnal harmonics are maximal in summer and reach values from 0.37 to 1.01 mm. Time at the maximum of diurnal harmonic is typically in the period from 14:00 to 17:00. Semidiurnal harmonics have the largest amplitudes in spring and autumn, but they do not exceed 0.19 mm. A comparison of the diurnal cycle from GPS data and ERA-Interim reanalysis has revealed significant differences in the phase. It is established that, as a result of evaporation from the underlying surface and convective lifting of moist air, the summer diurnal variations in IWV and surface density of water vapor are in antiphase. The diurnal cycle of IWV is determined by surface air temperature to be 88 % in summer and less than at 35 % in other seasons. It is noted that maximal amplitudes of diurnal harmonic of IWV are observed at stations located on the windward side of mountains.

Surface and Tropospheric Water Vapor Variability and Decadal Trends at Two Supersites of CO-PDD (Cézeaux and Puy de Dôme) in Central France

“…This result is slightly different to those observed above Zugspitze (Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, 2962 m above sea level), where the variability is larger in summer [61]. Recently, the diurnal cycle of water vapor has been determined from the GPS ground network in the Volga-Ural region of Russia by Kalinnikov and Khutorova [62], who showed also maximal amplitude of the diurnal harmonics in summer for stations located on the windward side of mountains. Figure 5 presents the monthly mean and standard deviation of WVMR profiles from lidar, compared with two satellite products, COSMIC and AIRS.…”

Quality assessment of integrated water vapour measurements at the St. Petersburg site, Russia: FTIR vs. MW and GPS techniques

“…The instrument has been operating continuously in all weather conditions since August 2014. The carrier phase and binary code pseudorange measurements from GPS satellites on two GPS carrier frequencies (1227 and 1575 MHz) are processed with the help of TropoGNSS software, developed at Kazan Federal University (Kalinnikov and Khutorova, 2017). The retrieval algorithm identifies the precise point positioning strategy for zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD) estimation (Kouba, 2015).…”

Validation of GNSS data about the integrated water vapor in Europe using sun photometers

“…Применение ГНСС для зондирования водяного пара объясняется способностью выдавать результаты с высоким пространственным и временным разрешением при любых погодных условиях. В Казанском федеральном университете проводятся такого рода исследования [6,7] Целью настоящего исследования является сравнение оценок ИСВП, полученных с помощью указанного приложения, с данными альтернативной технологии. ранее неоднократно проводились такого рода сравнения между данными ГНСС, рСДБ, радиозондов, радиометров, солнечных фотометров и реанализов [8][9][10][11][12][13].…”