Diurnal variation in the water-soluble inorganic ions, organic carbon and isotopic compositions of total carbon and nitrogen in biomass burning aerosols from the LBA-SMOCC campaign in Rondônia, Brazil

Kundu, Shuvashish; Kawamura, Kimitaka; Andreae, T. W.; Hoffer, András; Andreae, Meinrat O.

doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2009.08.006

Cited by 137 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Nss-K + / Lev ratios were 1.6, 1.4 and 1.3 for Int 2.5 , Ext 2.5 and Ext 10 , respectively. These ratios are similar to those obtained in the previous PM 10 intensive campaign (1.4) in 2013, which was attributed to a combination of smouldering (flameless combustion) and flaming processes during the combustion of biomass (Kundu et al, 2010;Pereira et al, 2017). The flaming combustion is predominant for sugarcane leaves (Hall et al, 2012;Urban et al, 2016).…”

Section: Biomass Burning Tracerssupporting

confidence: 87%

Particulate pollutants in the Brazilian city of São Paulo: 1-year investigation for the chemical composition and source apportionment

et al. 2017

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Abstract. São Paulo in Brazil has relatively relaxed regulations for ambient air pollution standards and often experiences high air pollution levels due to emissions of particulate pollutants from local sources and long-range transport of air masses impacted by biomass burning. In order to evaluate the sources of particulate air pollution and related health risks, a year-round sampling was done at the University of São Paulo campus (20 m a.g.l.), a green area near an important expressway. The sampling was performed for PM 2.5 (≤ 2.5 µm) and PM 10 (≤ 10 µm) in 2014 through intensive (everyday sampling in wintertime) and extensive campaigns (once a week for the whole year) with 24 h of sampling. This year was characterized by having lower average precipitation compared to meteorological data, and high-pollution episodes were observed all year round, with a significant increase in pollution level in the intensive campaign, which was performed during wintertime. Different chemical constituents, such as carbonaceous species, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and derivatives, water-soluble ions, and biomass burning tracers were identified in order to evaluate health risks and to apportion sources. The species such as PAHs, inorganic and organic ions, and monosaccharides were determined using chromatographic techniques and carbonaceous species using thermal-optical analysis. Trace elements were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The risks associated with particulate matter exposure based on PAH concentrations were also assessed, along with indexes such as the benzo[a]pyrene equivalent (BaPE) and lung cancer risk (LCR). High BaPE and LCR were observed in most of the samples, rising to critical values in the wintertime. Also, biomass burning tracers and PAHs were higher in this season, while secondarily formed ions presented low variation throughout the year. Meanwhile, vehicular tracer species were also higher in the intensive campaign, suggesting the influence of lower dispersion conditions in that period. Source apportionment was performed using positive matrix factorization (PMF), which indicated five different factors: road dust, industrial emissions, vehicuPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 11944 G. M. Pereira et al.: Particulate pollutants in the Brazilian city of São Paulo lar exhaust, biomass burning and secondary processes. The results highlighted the contribution of vehicular emissions and the significant input from biomass combustion in wintertime, suggesting that most of the particulate matter is due to local sources, in addition to the influence of pre-harvest sugarcane burning.

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Section: Biomass Burning Tracerssupporting

confidence: 87%

Particulate pollutants in the Brazilian city of São Paulo: 1-year investigation for the chemical composition and source apportionment

et al. 2017

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“…Therefore, the SO 4 2-mass fraction in the aerosol can be used as an index to determine the closeness of a sample to the BB source. In addition, SO 4 2-mass fraction in aerosol can also be low for areas influenced predominantly by agricultural activities (Mkoma et al, 2013) or on the periphery of the Amazon basin (Kundu et al, 2010).…”

Section: Near-source and Prescribed-source Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol Chemical Profile of Near-Source Biomass Burning Smoke in Sonla, Vietnam during 7-SEAS Campaigns in 2012 and 2013

Lee

Ram

Nguyen

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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This study aimed to investigate aerosol chemical characteristics and to obtain the chemical profile of near-source biomass burning (BB) aerosols at a site (675 m a.s.l.) in Sonla, Northern Vietnam. Particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 µm (PM 2.5 ) was collected over a 24 h sampling period as part of the Seven South East Asian Studies (7-SEAS) campaign. The studies were conducted when BB was highly active -that is, in the spring of 2012 and 2013. The collected particles were analyzed for carbonaceous fractions and water-soluble components, in addition to the mass concentration. Data obtained were further analyzed to determine the stable species profile by classifying the 5-day air-mass backward trajectories. The average PM 2.5 mass concentrations were 51 ± 19 µg m -3 and 57 ± 27 µg m -3 in 2012 and 2013, respectively. Carbonaceous contents dominated BB aerosol, with 59% ± 9% and 58% ± 9% in organic carbon (OC) and 9% ± 3% and 10% ± 3% in elemental carbon (EC) of PM 2.5 in 2012 and 2013, respectively. Of the 8 carbonaceous fractions analyzed thermo-optically for PM 2.5 , OC3 (evolution temperature at 280°C-480°C) was most abundant in OC fractions, and EC1-OP (elemental carbon evolved at 580°C minus the pyrolized OC fractions) was predominant in EC fractions in most occasions. Among the measured water-soluble inorganic ions, NH 4 + and SO 4 2-widely varied, indicating the influence of different trajectory origins. This finding was confirmed by trajectory classification of aerosol data. The trajectories were also distinguished with respect to char-EC to soot-EC ratio, and water-soluble OC. These characteristics were highest in the trajectory from the BB source area.

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“…However, considering that biomass-burning aerosol is highly watersoluble (e.g. Kundu et al, 2010), one would expect larger WSOC / OC ratios in dry season than in wet season. It is surprising that WSOC / OC ratio in PM 10 is similar for both seasons, whereas in PM 2.5 the production of WSOC was slightly more favourable during the wet season.…”

Section: Water-soluble Organic Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contributions of biomass/biofuel burning to organic aerosols and particulate matter in Tanzania, East Africa, based on analyses of ionic species, organic and elemental carbon, levoglucosan and mannosan

2013

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Abstract. Atmospheric aerosol samples of PM 2.5 and PM 10 were collected at a rural site in Tanzania, East Africa, in 2011 during wet and dry seasons and were analysed for carbonaceous components, levoglucosan, mannosan and watersoluble inorganic ions. The contributions of biomass/biofuel burning to the organic carbon (OC) and particulate matter (PM) mass were estimated to be 46-52 % and 8-13 %, respectively. The mean mass concentrations of PM 2.5 and PM 10 were 28 ± 6 µg m −3 and 47 ± 8 µg m −3 in wet season, and 39 ± 10 µg m −3 and 61 ± 19µg m −3 in dry season, respectively. Total carbon (TC) accounted for 16-19 % of the PM 2.5 mass and 13-15 % of the PM 10 mass. On average, 86 to 89 % of TC in PM 2.5 and 87 to 90 % of TC in PM 10 was OC, of which 67-72 % and 63 % was found to be water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in PM 2.5 and PM 10 , respectively. We found that concentrations of levoglucosan and mannosan (specific organic tracers of pyrolysis of cellulose) well correlated with non-sea-salt potassium (nss-K + ) (r 2 = 0.56-0.75), OC (r 2 = 0.75-0.96) and WSOC (r 2 = 0.52-0.78). The K + / OC ratios varied from 0.06 to 0.36 in PM 2.5 and from 0.03 to 0.36 in PM 10 with slightly higher ratios in dry season. Mean percent ratios of levoglucosan and mannosan to OC were found to be 3-4 % for PM 2.5 and PM 10 in both seasons. We found lower levoglucosan / K + ratios and higher K + / EC (elemental carbon) ratios in the biomass-burning aerosols from Tanzania than those reported from other regions. This feature is consistent with the high levels of potassium reported in the soils of Morogoro, Tanzania, suggesting an importance of direct emission of potassium by soil resuspension although K + is present mostly in fine particles. It is also likely that biomass burning of vegetation of Tanzania emits high levels of potassium that may be enriched in plant tissues. The present study demonstrates that emissions from mixed biomass-and biofuel-burning activities largely influence the air quality in Tanzania.

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Diurnal variation in the water-soluble inorganic ions, organic carbon and isotopic compositions of total carbon and nitrogen in biomass burning aerosols from the LBA-SMOCC campaign in Rondônia, Brazil

Cited by 137 publications

References 60 publications

Particulate pollutants in the Brazilian city of São Paulo: 1-year investigation for the chemical composition and source apportionment

Particulate pollutants in the Brazilian city of São Paulo: 1-year investigation for the chemical composition and source apportionment

Aerosol Chemical Profile of Near-Source Biomass Burning Smoke in Sonla, Vietnam during 7-SEAS Campaigns in 2012 and 2013

Contributions of biomass/biofuel burning to organic aerosols and particulate matter in Tanzania, East Africa, based on analyses of ionic species, organic and elemental carbon, levoglucosan and mannosan

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