Diurnal triglyceride profiles in healthy normolipidemic male subjects are associated to insulin sensitivity, body composition and diet

Oostrom, A. J. H. H. M. Van; Cabezas, Manuel Castro; Ribalta, Josep; Masana, Luís; Twickler, Th.B.; Remijnse, T. A.; Erkelens, D. W.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2362.2000.00732.x

Cited by 49 publications

(46 citation statements)

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“…Recently, a novel method has been developed to study diurnal TG profiles using repeated capillary self-measurements in an out-of-hospital situation, which correlates well with data obtained by standardized oral fat loading tests. 18,19 In a previous study using diurnal TG profiles, 18 healthy lean females showed lower diurnal TG profiles than males, in agreement with gender differences of postprandial lipemia reported by others. 12 In order to determine gender differences in diurnal TG profiles in overweight subjects, we compared diurnal triglyceridemia of overweight male and female subjects.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…18,19,21,22 Subjects were instructed to wash and dry their hands thoroughly before each measurement. With a lancing device, a drop of blood (30 ml) from the finger was obtained which was applied to the TG test strip in the TG analyzer.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…21 Similar results have been obtained in our laboratory. 18,19 Furthermore, diurnal capillary TG profiles correlate to postprandial lipemia as assessed by standardized oral fat loading tests. 18 In addition, diurnal triglyceridemia estimated with six measurements was not different compared to hourly measurements, suggesting that these time-points are representative for the daylong study period.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18 In addition, diurnal triglyceridemia estimated with six measurements was not different compared to hourly measurements, suggesting that these time-points are representative for the daylong study period. 19 Subjects were instructed to measure their capillary TG on three different days (preferentially Monday, Wednesday and Friday; not during the weekends) at the following timepoints: fasting, before and 3 h after lunch and dinner and at bedtime. The 3 h postprandial measurements were performed exactly 3 h after the meals, regardless of intake of snacks.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gender differences in diurnal triglyceridemia in lean and overweight subjects

Wijk

et al. 2001

Int J Obes

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AIMS: Increased fasting and postprandial triglyceridemia is one of the cardiovascular risk factors for patients with insulin resistance. Since triglyceride (TG) metabolism largely depends on gender, we have investigated diurnal TG changes in patients with and without overweight, focusing on gender differences. METHODS: Twenty-two males and 22 females with overweight (mean body mass index (BMI) 28.0 AE 2.3 kg=m 2 ) measured capillary TG concentrations at six fixed time points on three different days. Diurnal TG profiles were calculated as area under the capillary TG curves (TGc-AUCs). The control group consisted of 24 males and 21 females who were not overweight (mean BMI 22.4 AE 1.5 kg=m 2 ). Biochemical and anthropometric parameters associated with insulin resistance were measured. RESULTS: Lean males and lean females had comparable fasting insulin levels (6.9 AE 2.6 and 8.1 AE 4.7 mU=l, respectively), but females had a more favorable fasting lipoprotein profile when compared to males. Diurnal TG profiles were lower in lean females than in lean males (16.9 AE 4.3 vs 20.3 AE 5.7 mMh, respectively, P < 0.05). Overweight males and females had comparable fasting insulin levels (10.3 AE 3.4 and 12.1 AE 4.9 mU=l, respectively), which were higher than in lean subjects. Overweight females also had a more favorable fasting lipoprotein profile compared to overweight males. Diurnal TG profiles were similar in overweight females and overweight males (31.1 AE 15.6 and 32.9 AE 13.2 mMh, respectively). Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that in both males and females, waist circumference was the strongest determinant of diurnal TG profiles when fasting TG concentrations were excluded from the model (R 2 ¼ 0.49 for males and R 2 ¼ 0.33 for females). These results suggest that overweight resulted in a 'male diurnal TG profile' in females due to abdominal fat accumulation. CONCLUSION: Insulin resistance in overweight subjects partly mitigates the gender differences of fasting and postprandial TG metabolism. The significant positive association between diurnal triglyceridemia and waist circumference supports the view that especially abdominal fat associated with insulin resistance enhances postprandial lipemia.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gender differences in diurnal triglyceridemia in lean and overweight subjects

Wijk

et al. 2001

Int J Obes

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“…However, typical meal consumption in free-living subjects means that plasma TG concentrations progressively rise over the course of the day. 45 The bulk of this change in TG is a result of increases in chylomicron-TG and VLDL-TG concentrations (Figure 2). This rise reflects 'back-up' of clearance in TG-rich lipoproteins, which increases steadily, peaking at night at about 0200 hours, after which time plasma-TG concentrations fall steadily until morning.…”

Section: Quantity Of Isotope and The Food Vehiclementioning

confidence: 99%

Getting the label in: practical research strategies for tracing dietary fat

Lambert

Parks

2012

Int J Obes Supp

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The observation that events occurring after consumption of a meal can directly affect metabolic risk has been gaining interest over the past 40 years. As a result, the desire for investigators to conduct postprandial studies has also increased. Study design decisions pertaining to the choice of meal quantity and composition are more difficult than may be readily apparent, and there is now ample evidence available in the literature to suggest that what is fed on the test day significantly affects postprandial metabolism and can therefore influence interpretation of results. In addition, events occurring before the testing day (food intake and activities) can also have an impact on the observed postprandial response. The goal of this review is to present aspects of study design critical to the investigation of postprandial metabolism. These details include subject preparation, meal quantity, form and composition, as well as sampling protocols for measuring metabolites. Key factors and practical examples are provided to minimize the impact of nonresearch variables on subject variability. Finally, aspects related to using stable isotope tracers to measure metabolism of meal fat are discussed, including choice of tracer form, dose and delivery in food. Given that fed-state events contribute significantly to chronic disease risk, improved methods to study the absorption and disposal of food energy will support the development of strategies designed to prevent and treat diseases associated with overconsumption of nutrients.International Journal of Obesity Supplements (2012) 2, S43 --S50; doi:10.1038/ijosup.2012.22Keywords: dietary fat; stable isotope; postprandial lipids; meals; fatty acids INTRODUCTIONThe atherogenicity of the postprandial state, first proposed by Donald Zilversmit, 1 has remained the focus of intense research for over 4 decades. A central idea evolving from Dr Zilversmit's hypothesis is that the physiologic response to a meal high in fat reveals key dynamics related to prediction of heart disease risk. 2 The concept of a nutrient challenge as a vehicle to uncover disease risk has grown to include studies of metabolic flexibility 3 and the role of nutrient toxicity during overconsumption of food. 4 Over the past 20 years, advanced techniques for the study of postprandial lipemia have been developed. 5--9 Reviews on postprandial triacylglycerols (TG) response have described the influence of genetic polymorphisms, 2 the impact of subject characteristics such as obesity 10 and the effect of commonly prescribed medications. 11 Further, recent research has made major progress in our understanding of the metabolic fates of dietary fatty acids in humans 12 and the large variability exhibited between study subjects with respect to fatty acid handling. 13 At the same time, much new information has become available with which to optimize postprandial study designs, and the objective of this review is to highlight that information.It may seem that the impact of detailed study design features, such as feeding liq...

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