Diurnal triglyceride profiles: a novel approach to study triglyceride changes

Cabezas, Manuel Castro; Halkes, Constantijn J.M.; Meijssen, S.; Oostrom, A.J.H.H.M. van; Erkelens, D. W.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9150(00)00554-2

Cited by 70 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Recently, a novel method has been developed to study diurnal TG profiles using repeated capillary self-measurements in an out-of-hospital situation, which correlates well with data obtained by standardized oral fat loading tests. 18,19 In a previous study using diurnal TG profiles, 18 healthy lean females showed lower diurnal TG profiles than males, in agreement with gender differences of postprandial lipemia reported by others. 12 In order to determine gender differences in diurnal TG profiles in overweight subjects, we compared diurnal triglyceridemia of overweight male and female subjects.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 87%

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Gender differences in diurnal triglyceridemia in lean and overweight subjects

Wijk

et al. 2001

Int J Obes

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AIMS: Increased fasting and postprandial triglyceridemia is one of the cardiovascular risk factors for patients with insulin resistance. Since triglyceride (TG) metabolism largely depends on gender, we have investigated diurnal TG changes in patients with and without overweight, focusing on gender differences. METHODS: Twenty-two males and 22 females with overweight (mean body mass index (BMI) 28.0 AE 2.3 kg=m 2 ) measured capillary TG concentrations at six fixed time points on three different days. Diurnal TG profiles were calculated as area under the capillary TG curves (TGc-AUCs). The control group consisted of 24 males and 21 females who were not overweight (mean BMI 22.4 AE 1.5 kg=m 2 ). Biochemical and anthropometric parameters associated with insulin resistance were measured. RESULTS: Lean males and lean females had comparable fasting insulin levels (6.9 AE 2.6 and 8.1 AE 4.7 mU=l, respectively), but females had a more favorable fasting lipoprotein profile when compared to males. Diurnal TG profiles were lower in lean females than in lean males (16.9 AE 4.3 vs 20.3 AE 5.7 mMh, respectively, P < 0.05). Overweight males and females had comparable fasting insulin levels (10.3 AE 3.4 and 12.1 AE 4.9 mU=l, respectively), which were higher than in lean subjects. Overweight females also had a more favorable fasting lipoprotein profile compared to overweight males. Diurnal TG profiles were similar in overweight females and overweight males (31.1 AE 15.6 and 32.9 AE 13.2 mMh, respectively). Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that in both males and females, waist circumference was the strongest determinant of diurnal TG profiles when fasting TG concentrations were excluded from the model (R 2 ¼ 0.49 for males and R 2 ¼ 0.33 for females). These results suggest that overweight resulted in a 'male diurnal TG profile' in females due to abdominal fat accumulation. CONCLUSION: Insulin resistance in overweight subjects partly mitigates the gender differences of fasting and postprandial TG metabolism. The significant positive association between diurnal triglyceridemia and waist circumference supports the view that especially abdominal fat associated with insulin resistance enhances postprandial lipemia.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…18,19,21,22 Subjects were instructed to wash and dry their hands thoroughly before each measurement. With a lancing device, a drop of blood (30 ml) from the finger was obtained which was applied to the TG test strip in the TG analyzer.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in diurnal triglyceridemia in lean and overweight subjects

Wijk

et al. 2001

Int J Obes

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“…Thus, the findings needs to be generalized, to less active, overweight/obese individuals at more risk of CVD because perturbations in TAG concentrations following meals are more likely to be exaggerated in such individuals compared with their healthy peers. [13][14][15] Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of accumulating ten, 3-min bouts of cycling throughout a single day with those of one 30-min bout of cycling on postprandial TAG concentrations after a meal of moderate-fat content in obese men. An exercise volume of 30 min was chosen as this is consistent with current guidelines regarding physical activity and health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of continuous versus accumulated activity patterns on postprandial triacylglycerol concentrations in obese men

Miyashita

2008

Int J Obes

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Objective: There is limited information regarding the effects of short (o10 min) bouts of activity on postprandial lipaemia and no studies are available regarding the effects of short bouts of activity on postprandial lipaemia in obese men. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of accumulating ten, 3-min bouts of exercise versus one 30 min bout of exercise on postprandial serum triacylglycerol (TAG) concentrations in obese men. Design: Each subject completed three 2-day trials at least 1 week apart in a randomized, repeated-measures design. On day 1, subjects rested (no exercise) or cycled at 60% of maximum heart rate in either ten, 3-min bouts (30 min rest between each), or one continuous 30-min bout. On day 2 of each trial, after an overnight fast, the subjects consumed a standardized test meal for breakfast. Venous blood samples were obtained in the fasted state (0 h), and 2, 4 and 6 h postprandially on day 2. Subjects: Eight sedentary men (age: 27±2 years) with body mass index between 25 and 37 kg/m 2 . Measurements: Postprandial TAG, non-esterified fatty acids, 3-hydroxybutyrate, insulin and glucose were determined. Results: Total area under the postprandial serum TAG concentrations versus time curve was 18% (P ¼ 0.042) and 15% (P ¼ 0.032) lower throughout day 2 of both the accumulated exercise trial and the continuous exercise trial, respectively, compared with the control trial with little difference between exercise trials. Conclusion: At 30 min of moderate cycling (0.87 MJ per 30 min) accumulated in short bouts is equally effective in reducing postprandial serum TAG concentrations as one continuous 30 min bout of cycling in obese men.

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“…Before the meal begins, it is advisable to obtain blood at a minimum of two time points for the measurement of plasma TG and average these values to represent the fasted concentrations. 14 After meal consumption, if isotope incorporation into chylomicron-TG is the primary aim, sampling should occur often (every 20 min) early in the postprandial period (0--3 h) and extend to 4 h or more. Incorporation of the meal isotope into VLDL begins around 3--4 h after the onset of the meal and continues to increase thereafter.…”

Section: Quantity Of Isotope and The Food Vehiclementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, literature demonstrating the importance of the study meal design is somewhat underappreciated. Both the fasting and postprandial concentrations of TG vary more than other metabolites, 14 and as a result of subject variability many studies fail to show significant differences between treatments---mostly owing to lack of power. However, if the factors put forth here are controlled for, variability in many outcomes will be significantly reduced and hypotheses may be tested with smaller sample sizes and lower costs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Getting the label in: practical research strategies for tracing dietary fat

Lambert

Parks

2012

Int J Obes Supp

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The observation that events occurring after consumption of a meal can directly affect metabolic risk has been gaining interest over the past 40 years. As a result, the desire for investigators to conduct postprandial studies has also increased. Study design decisions pertaining to the choice of meal quantity and composition are more difficult than may be readily apparent, and there is now ample evidence available in the literature to suggest that what is fed on the test day significantly affects postprandial metabolism and can therefore influence interpretation of results. In addition, events occurring before the testing day (food intake and activities) can also have an impact on the observed postprandial response. The goal of this review is to present aspects of study design critical to the investigation of postprandial metabolism. These details include subject preparation, meal quantity, form and composition, as well as sampling protocols for measuring metabolites. Key factors and practical examples are provided to minimize the impact of nonresearch variables on subject variability. Finally, aspects related to using stable isotope tracers to measure metabolism of meal fat are discussed, including choice of tracer form, dose and delivery in food. Given that fed-state events contribute significantly to chronic disease risk, improved methods to study the absorption and disposal of food energy will support the development of strategies designed to prevent and treat diseases associated with overconsumption of nutrients.International Journal of Obesity Supplements (2012) 2, S43 --S50; doi:10.1038/ijosup.2012.22Keywords: dietary fat; stable isotope; postprandial lipids; meals; fatty acids INTRODUCTIONThe atherogenicity of the postprandial state, first proposed by Donald Zilversmit, 1 has remained the focus of intense research for over 4 decades. A central idea evolving from Dr Zilversmit's hypothesis is that the physiologic response to a meal high in fat reveals key dynamics related to prediction of heart disease risk. 2 The concept of a nutrient challenge as a vehicle to uncover disease risk has grown to include studies of metabolic flexibility 3 and the role of nutrient toxicity during overconsumption of food. 4 Over the past 20 years, advanced techniques for the study of postprandial lipemia have been developed. 5--9 Reviews on postprandial triacylglycerols (TG) response have described the influence of genetic polymorphisms, 2 the impact of subject characteristics such as obesity 10 and the effect of commonly prescribed medications. 11 Further, recent research has made major progress in our understanding of the metabolic fates of dietary fatty acids in humans 12 and the large variability exhibited between study subjects with respect to fatty acid handling. 13 At the same time, much new information has become available with which to optimize postprandial study designs, and the objective of this review is to highlight that information.It may seem that the impact of detailed study design features, such as feeding liq...

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Diurnal triglyceride profiles: a novel approach to study triglyceride changes

Cited by 70 publications

References 42 publications

Gender differences in diurnal triglyceridemia in lean and overweight subjects

Gender differences in diurnal triglyceridemia in lean and overweight subjects

Effects of continuous versus accumulated activity patterns on postprandial triacylglycerol concentrations in obese men

Getting the label in: practical research strategies for tracing dietary fat

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