Diurnal tides from the troposphere to the lower mesosphere as deduced from TIMED/SABER satellite data and six global reanalysis data sets

Sakazaki, Takatoshi; Fujiwara, Masatomo; Zhang, X.; Hagan, M. E.; Forbes, J. M.

doi:10.1029/2011jd017117

Cited by 66 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Sakazaki et al [2012] report that MERRA reproduces stratospheric diurnal temperature tides well. Also, in this study, we confirmed that diurnal temperature tides in MERRA are consistent with observational data from GPS radio occultation (GPS-RO) measurements with the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) [Anthes et al, 2008] (not shown).…”

Section: Appendix B: Comparison Of the Smiles Saber And Ctm Datasetsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…This suggests that vertical transport by the diurnal tide, which is mainly generated in the troposphere and propagates into the stratosphere [Chapman and Lindzen, 1970;Sakazaki et al, 2012, Sakazaki et al, manuscript in preparation, 2013, is the major dynamical factor. The dominance of the diurnal harmonic component (Figure 7d) is explained by the fact that the variations are inversely proportional to the frequency (equation (5)), although the diurnal and semidiurnal harmonic amplitudes of vertical winds are comparable between 20 and 50 km (Figure 7e).…”

Section: Photochemical and Dynamical Contributions To Diurnal Ozone Vmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 8 shows the latitudinal structure of the photochemical/ dynamical contributions at 44 km and 24 km. As tidal vertical winds have large amplitudes in the tropics associated with the characteristic Hough mode structures [Chapman and Lindzen, 1970;Sakazaki et al, 2012], their effects appear mainly at low latitudes (Figures 8c and 8d). In contrast, the photochemical contribution essentially extends across all latitudes, although the phase differs between low-middle latitudes and high latitudes at 44 km (Figure 8b).…”

Section: Photochemical and Dynamical Contributions To Diurnal Ozone Vmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The magnitudes of photochemical and/or dynamical contributions, in contrast, could change with season in a quantitative way. For example, a marked seasonal variation in tides [e.g., Sakazaki et al, 2012] could result in that in amplitude of diurnal ozone variations in the lower and upper stratospheres where dynamics is important.…”

Section: Photochemical and Dynamical Contributions To Diurnal Ozone Vmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sun-synchronous diurnal temperature variations (i.e., the diurnal variations that propagate westward with the apparent motion of the Sun) in the lower stratosphere were investigated by Zeng et al [2008] and Sakazaki et al [2012], who showed that the amplitude of temperature variations (T') in the lower stratosphere is around 0.5K at 25 km in the tropics. Sakazaki et al (Interpretation of the vertical structure and seasonal variation of the diurnal migrating tide from the troposphere to the lower mesosphere, manuscript in preparation, 2013) showed that J is negligible (<20%) compared with @T'/@t for this altitude region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diurnal ozone variations in the stratosphere revealed in observations from the Superconducting Submillimeter‐Wave Limb‐Emission Sounder (SMILES) on board the International Space Station (ISS)

et al. 2013

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[1] Considerable uncertainties remain in the global pattern of diurnal variation in stratospheric ozone, particularly lower to middle stratospheric ozone, which is the principal contributor to total column ozone. The Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave LimbEmission Sounder (SMILES) attached to the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM) on board the International Space Station (ISS) was developed to gather high-quality global measurements of stratospheric ozone at various local times, with the aid of superconducting mixers cooled to 4K by a compact mechanical cooler. Using the SMILES dataset, as well as data from nudged chemistry-climate models (MIROC3.2-CTM and SD-WACCM), we show that the SMILES observational data have revealed the global pattern of diurnal ozone variations throughout the stratosphere. We also found that these variations can be explained by both photochemistry and dynamics. The peak-to-peak difference in the stratospheric ozone mixing ratio (total column ozone) reached 8% (1%) over the course of a day. This variation needs to be considered when merging ozone data from different satellite measurements and even from measurements made using one specific instrument at different local times.

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Section: Appendix B: Comparison Of the Smiles Saber And Ctm Datasetsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Photochemical and Dynamical Contributions To Diurnal Ozone Vmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Photochemical and Dynamical Contributions To Diurnal Ozone Vmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Photochemical and Dynamical Contributions To Diurnal Ozone Vmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Diurnal ozone variations in the stratosphere revealed in observations from the Superconducting Submillimeter‐Wave Limb‐Emission Sounder (SMILES) on board the International Space Station (ISS)

et al. 2013

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Evidence for nonmigrating tides produced by the interaction between tides and stationary planetary waves in the stratosphere and lower mesosphere

Smith

Liu

et al. 2014

JGR Atmospheres

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In this work, 11 years (2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012) of Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere Energetics, and Dynamics/Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) global temperature data are used to study the nonlinear interaction between stationary planetary waves (SPWs) and tides in the stratosphere and mesosphere. The holistic behavior of the nonlinear interactions between all SPWs and tides is analyzed from the point of view of energetics. The results indicate that the intensities of nonmigrating diurnal, semidiurnal, terdiurnal, and 6 h tides are strongest during winter and almost vanish during summer, synchronous with SPW activity. Temporal correlations between the SPWs and nonmigrating tides for these four tidal components are strong in the region poleward of 20°and below about 80 km. In the tropics, where the SPWs are very weak in all seasons, the correlations are small. Bispectral analysis between triads of waves and tides shows which particular interactions are likely to be responsible for the generation of the nonmigrating tides that are largest in the midlatitude stratosphere. Based on the more limited SABER observations at high latitudes, the correlations there are similar to those in midlatitudes during spring, summer, and autumn; there are no high-latitude observations by SABER in winter. These results show that nonlinear interactions between SPWs and tides in the stratosphere and the lower mesosphere may be an important source of the nonmigrating tides that then propagate into the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere.

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Recalibration and merging of SSU observations for stratospheric temperature trend studies

et al. 2014

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Long-term observations from the Stratospheric Sounding Unit (SSU) during 1979-2006 onboard NOAA historical polar orbiting satellites were recalibrated for climate change investigation. A two-point linear calibration equation, with cold space and an internal blackbody warm target as end-point references, was used to transfer SSU raw counts data into radiances. The warm target temperature was represented by measurements from the space side thermistor on the blackbody, and the cold space radiance was assumed to be zero. Space view corrections due to an electrical interference were applied. Intersatellite calibration was conducted simultaneously by applying calibration offsets determined from residual intersatellite biases. The recalibration reached an accuracy of 0.1-0.2 K for global means and thus is expected to improve the consistency in stratospheric temperature time series in climate reanalyses. The recalibrated SSU radiances were further adjusted to develop Version 2 of the NOAA stratospheric temperature time series. The effects being adjusted included those from changes in instrument cell pressure and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, viewing angle differences, and semidiurnal tides due to orbital drift. Intersatellite biases were carefully removed to ensure smooth transitions between satellite pairs. Differences from Version 1 included improved radiance calibration, improved adjusting schemes for diurnal drift and intersatellite biases, removal of time-varying cell pressure adjustment for NOAA-9 channel 1, and excluding NOAA-7 channel 2 in the time series. In addition to the final merged data set, intermediate synthetic time series corresponding to different adjustments were also created to quantify their impact on the final trend as well as its reliability and uncertainty. Excellent matching between satellite pairs, especially the 7 year overlaps between NOAA-11 and NOAA-14 during 1997-2004, in intermediate as well as the final time series provided strong evidence on the validity of adjustments and thus confidence on the resulting trends. The Version 2 global mean trends for 1979-2006 were À0.69 ± 0.18, À0.77 ± 0.15, and À0.85 ± 0.15 K/decade for SSU channels 1, 2, and 3, representing temperatures of middle stratosphere, upper stratosphere, and stratosphere-mesosphere, respectively. Among these, cooling of channel 2 was stronger and channel 3 weaker than those in UK Met Office (UKMO) data by about 1 K during the entire SSU period from 1979 to 2006. Finally, the average of the channel 1 and channel 3 anomalies in Version 2 was close to channel 2 anomalies to within 0.2 K for the entire 1979-2006 period with identical trends. This feature was found consistent with chemistry-climate model simulations.

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Diurnal tides from the troposphere to the lower mesosphere as deduced from TIMED/SABER satellite data and six global reanalysis data sets

Cited by 66 publications

References 60 publications

Diurnal ozone variations in the stratosphere revealed in observations from the Superconducting Submillimeter‐Wave Limb‐Emission Sounder (SMILES) on board the International Space Station (ISS)

Diurnal ozone variations in the stratosphere revealed in observations from the Superconducting Submillimeter‐Wave Limb‐Emission Sounder (SMILES) on board the International Space Station (ISS)

Evidence for nonmigrating tides produced by the interaction between tides and stationary planetary waves in the stratosphere and lower mesosphere

Recalibration and merging of SSU observations for stratospheric temperature trend studies

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