Diurnal periodicity of plasma Cortisol and corticosterone in desert bighorn sheep demonstrated by radioimmunoassay

Turner, Jack C.

doi:10.1139/z84-386

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Increases in RBC count, haemoglobin concentration and PCV are associated with splenic contraction caused by the action of catecholamines on the α-adrenergic receptors located in the splenic capsule (Ganong 1998). Acepromazine has an α-adrenergic blocking effect (Plumb 1999), provoking the relaxation of the spleen and its sequestration of erythrocytes (Turner andHodgetts 1960, Jain 1993); this explains the differences observed between the treatment groups in RBC count, haemoglobin concentration and PCV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lack of expected differences in serum cortisol concentration between the free-ranging and captive roe deer (Wingfield and others 1997) could be explained by the large interindividual differences in stress-induced plasma cortisol concentrations, the existence of ultradian, circadian and seasonal rhythms in cortisol secretion, the disturbance caused by the sampling method, and the small numbers of animals in each group (Turner 1984, Moberg 1985, Nilssen and others 1985, Rushen 1991, Ingram and others 1999.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of acepromazine on the signs of capture stress in captive and free‐ranging roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)

Montané

Marco²,

López‐Olvera³

et al. 2007

Veterinary Record

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The differences between the capture stress responses of captive and free-ranging roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and their modulation by acepromazine, during a period of three hours' physical restraint after capture in drive-nets, were examined in 16 free-ranging and 16 captive roe deer. Eight of the free-ranging and eight of the captive animals received acepromazine intramuscularly, and the other eight free-ranging and eight captive deer received the same volume of saline. Heart rate, body temperature and haematological and serum biochemical parameters were analysed. In the groups treated with acepromazine, the heart rate stabilised sooner, and the red blood cell (RBC) count, haemoglobin concentration, packed-cell volume, the serum activities of creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the concentrations of creatinine and lactate were significantly lower, and serum glucose started to decrease earlier, than in the untreated groups. Serum potassium levels decreased over time only in the untreated groups. The body temperature stabilised earlier, and the RBC count, haemoglobin concentration, serum CK, AST, ALT and LDH activities, and serum creatinine, lactate, cholesterol and glucose concentrations were significantly lower in the free-ranging roe deer than in the captive deer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of acepromazine on the signs of capture stress in captive and free‐ranging roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)

Montané

Marco²,

López‐Olvera³

et al. 2007

Veterinary Record

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“…Domesticated foxes, sheep, bengalese finches, and ducks have lower basal GC levels than their wild ancestors or other closely related wild comparators [64,65,66,67,68,69,70]. In the duck and the fox, differences have been shown to be particularly marked in prenatal and juvenile development, respectively [69,70,64].…”

Section: Alterations To the Stress Response In Domesticated Species Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Converging roles of glutamate receptors in domestication and prosociality

O’Rourke

Boeckx

2018

Preprint

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8The present paper highlights the prevalence of signals of positive selec-9 tion on genes coding for glutamate receptors-most notably kainate and 10 metabotropic receptors-in domesticated animals and anatomically mod-11 ern humans. Relying on their expression in the central nervous system 12 and phenotypes associated with mutations in these genes, we claim that 13 regulatory changes in kainate and metabotropic receptor genes have led 14 to alterations in limbic function and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis 15 regulation, with potential implications for the emergence of unique social 16 behaviors and communicative abilities in (self-)domesticated species. 17 1 Introduction 18 Under one account of recent human evolution, selective pressures on prosocial 19behaviors led not only to a species-wide reduction in reactive aggression and the 20 extension of our social interactions [1, 2], but also left discernible physical mark-21 ers on the modern human phenotype, including our characteristically "gracile" 22 anatomy [3, 4]. 23 It has long been noted that these morphological differences resemble those 24 of domesticated species when compared with their wild counterparts [5]. Ex-25 perimental observation of domestication unfolding in wild farm-bred silver foxes 26 has unequivocally shown that selection for tameness alone can affect develop-27 mental trajectories to bring about a suite of physiological and behavioral traits 28 indicative of the "domestication syndrome" [6]. This raises the possibility that 29 morphological changes in Homo sapiens resulted from selective pressures on 30 reduced reactivity to encounters with conspecifics. In turn, this predicts over-31 lapping regions of selection and convergent physiological effects in the genomes 32 of domesticated species and modern humans.33In a recent comparative study, we have shown that genes with signals of 34 positive selection pooled across different domesticated species -dog, cattle, 35 cat, and horse -have above-chance overlap with genes exhibiting signals of 36 selection in AMH, suggestive of convergent evolutionary processes [4]. Signals 37 on glutamate receptor genes were identified more consistently than any other 38 gene class across human and domesticate selective-sweep studies, and will be 39 the focus of this paper. 40Glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate ner-41 vous system, essential for fast synaptic transmission and plasticity, learning, 42 memory, and modulation of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) activity. 43 [7]. The 26 glutamate receptors are primarily localized at synaptic nerve ter-44 minals in the brain and are divisible into two broad families (ionotropic and 45 metabotropic). There are various widely used names for each receptor and 46 corresponding gene in the literature. For ease of reference, see Table 1. 47 84 accessory subunit, and related G-protein signaling cascade genes. We review 85 some of the most noteworthy of these in Supplementary Section S1. 86At least one glutamate receptor gene shows...

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Basal, diurnal, and stress‐induced levels of glucose and glucocorticoids in captive bats

Widmaier

Kunz

1993

J. Exp. Zool.

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Plasma levels of glucocorticoids and glucose were measured in three species of fruit bats (Chiroptera) sampled from captive populations. Three species of Old World bats (Pteropus vampyrus, P. Hypomelanus, and Rousettus aegyptiacus) had plasma levels of glucose that were within the normal mammalian range (80-100 mg/dl), with no difference between males and females. All animals had detectable levels of one or both of the major glucocorticoids (cortisol and corticosterone) found in mammals. Steroid levels were highest in P. hypomelanus (cortisol: 1,269 +/- 207 ng/ml; corticosterone; 590 +/- 154 ng/ml) and lowest in R. aegyptiacus (corticosterone: 36 +/- 4 ng/ml; cortisol not determined). Diurnal changes in these steroids and the effects of handling and restraint stress were further investigated in P. hypomelanus. Experimental animals were captured in their roost quarters, bled once by venupuncture within 3 min, placed singly into a small holding chamber for 50-60 min, and bled again. This procedure was performed at four different times over the course of 24 h with different groups of animals. Glucose was at a minimum just before and a maximum just after the period of food presentation. Cortisol levels remained relatively constant throughout the day-roosting period and significantly declined to their lowest level in the period following food presentation. As expected, the effects of handling and isolation caused a significant increase in both plasma cortisol and glucose levels. When individual P. hypomelanus were subjected to 3 h restraint stress in small plastic wire-mesh restraining devices, cortisol levels rose approximately 800% by 2 h, with the first significant increase at 20 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Diurnal periodicity of plasma Cortisol and corticosterone in desert bighorn sheep demonstrated by radioimmunoassay

Cited by 11 publications

References 29 publications

Effect of acepromazine on the signs of capture stress in captive and free‐ranging roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)

Effect of acepromazine on the signs of capture stress in captive and free‐ranging roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)

Converging roles of glutamate receptors in domestication and prosociality

Basal, diurnal, and stress‐induced levels of glucose and glucocorticoids in captive bats

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