Diurnal Levels of Lipids, Glucose and Insulin in Type IV Hyperlipidemic Patients on High Carbohydrate and High Fat Diet: Comparison with Normals

Abstract

Diurnal levels of serum triglyceride (TG), cholesterol, free fatty acids (FFA), glucose and insulin were measured in three type IV hyperlipidemic patients on a fixed solid 65 % carbohydrate and a 65 % fat diet when in steady state conditions in a metabolic unit. The carbohydrate-rich food was divided into either three or eight equivalent portions, differently spaced over the day and night. The fatrich food was given in three equivalent portions only. The diurnal TG profiles on these diets showed the same characteristics as those found in normals, but increments and mean levels were considerably higher. On the carbohydrate-rich diet, mean TG levels decreased during the study. This was not seen either on the fat-rich diet or in normals. In contrast to our findings in normals, chylomicrons formed the major contribution to the serum TG pattern. FFA levels were markedly higher on the high-fat than on the carbohydrate-rich diet, but not different from those in normals. Postprandial glucose responses did not differ significantly between the diets. Insulin responses were markedly higher on the carbohydrate-rich than on the fat-rich food. Glucose levels did not differ from those in normals. Insulin levels were significantly higher in the patients. Cholesterol showed minimal fluctuations, parallel to the TG pattern, which could be attributed to chylomicron cholesterol.Abbreviations: HTG = hypertriglyceridemia, T C = triglyceride, FFA = fre fatty acid, VLDL = very low density lipoprotein, LDL = low density lipoprotein, HDL = high density lipoprotein. Acta Mcd Scnnd 210

Lack of suppression of circulating free fatty acids and hypercholesterolemia during weight loss on a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet

“…Changes in metabolic variables were observed both within and between the diet intervention groups in this study. Careful investigations of the effects of varying diets on diurnal metabolic patterns in normal and hyperlipidemic patient populations have been carried out in recent decades (17)(18)(19)(20). Although our data support previous observations, they were collected during active weight loss, making their metabolic context different from other studies.…”

Circulating lipids in men with type 2 diabetes following 3 days on a carbohydrate‐free diet versus 3 days of fasting

“…Mirani‐Oostdijk and associates (Mirani‐Oostdijk, van Gent, Terpstra, Hessel, & Frolich, 1981) reported similar 24‐hr NEFA profiles in three men with type IV hypertriglyceridemia after 2 weeks on a 65% CHO and subsequently on a 65% fat diet for 2 weeks. In the study by Goodner et al.…”