Diurnal Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Measures and Inflammatory Marker Correlates in Major Depressive Disorder

Doolin, Kelly; Farrell, Chloë; Tozzi, Leonardo; Harkin, Andrew; Frodl, Thomas; O’Keane, Veronica

doi:10.3390/ijms18102226

Cited by 45 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…A similar profile with higher morning cortisol levels without differences in evening cortisol was described in patients with anxiety disorders and comorbid depressive disorder ( 6 , 32 ). Higher cortisol levels have been found in depressed individuals ( 33 , 34 ). Even though a steeper diurnal cortisol slope was associated with numerous other favorable mental and physical health outcomes and is therefore typically interpreted as salubrious profile, a recent meta-analysis reported a trend toward a steeper diurnal slope, driven by elevated morning cortisol, in patients with anxiety disorders ( 35 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term Associations of an Early Corrected Ventricular Septal Defect and Stress Systems of Child and Mother at Primary School Age

et al. 2018

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IntroductionVentricular septal defect (VSD) is the most common congenital heart defect, with larger VSDs typically being corrected with an open-heart surgery during infancy. Long-term consequences of a VSD-corrective surgery on stress systems of child and mother are still unknown. The aim of the present study is to investigate the associations of an early corrected VSD and diurnal cortisol release of child and mother.Methods26 children (12 boys) between 6 and 9 years old, who underwent surgery for an isolated VSD within the first 3 years of life, and their mothers participated in the study. Their diurnal cortisol profiles were compared to a sex-, age-, and socioeconomic status-matched healthy control group. Within the VSD group, associations between cortisol and characteristics of surgery and hospitalization were investigated. Child and mother psychopathological symptoms were considered as a possible interfering mechanism of altered cortisol profiles.ResultsDiurnal cortisol profiles of children with an early corrected VSD did not differ from those of controls. However, mothers of affected children exhibited higher cortisol levels in the morning (p < 0.001, normalηp2=0.36) and a steeper diurnal cortisol slope (p = 0.016, normalηp2=0.17) than mothers of healthy children.ConclusionResults indicate a favorable development of children with an early corrected VSD, in terms of comparable diurnal cortisol profiles with healthy controls, according to a comparable mother-rated psychopathology. Mothers of affected children reveal altered diurnal cortisol levels, without differences in self-rated psychopathology. This divergence should be clarified in future research.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term Associations of an Early Corrected Ventricular Septal Defect and Stress Systems of Child and Mother at Primary School Age

et al. 2018

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“… 35 A series of studies also provided support for the role of inflammatory factors in the development of IPSD. 39 – 41 Under the influence of repeated inflammatory stimuli, microglia in the central nervous system can evolve into a source of inflammatory mediators, which may then influence brain neurotransmitter systems and neuronal integrity. 42 Moreover, elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines can also affect the activity of 2,3-dioxygenase, which degrades tryptophan via the kynurenine pathway and ultimately leads to a reduction in the synthesis and availability of 5-hydroxytryptamine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes of serum uric acid and total bilirubin in elderly patients with major postischemic stroke depression

Gao¹,

Wang²,

Han³

et al. 2017

NDT

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BackgroundThis was a longitudinal study which investigated the relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) and total bilirubin (Tbil) upon admission in elderly stroke patients and the occurrence of postischemic stroke depression (IPSD) at 3, 6, and 9 months of post-stroke follow-up.Subjects and methodsData were analyzed for 525 acute ischemic stroke patients. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores >17 and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) were used separately to screen and diagnose IPSD at 3, 6, and 9 months post-stroke. Once IPSD was diagnosed, follow-up activities were terminated.ResultsHigh levels of SUA (odds ratio [OR]=2.08, P<0.01) and Tbil (OR=2.31, P<0.01) in the first 3 months post-stroke and low levels of SUA (OR=2.05, P=0.03) and Tbil (OR=2.79, P<0.01) from 3 to 6 months post-stroke were identified as risk factors for major IPSD. At 3 months, patients with SUA levels ≥406.5 μmol/L (males with SUA levels of ≥409.5 μmol/L and females with SUA levels ≥385.5 μmol/L) and Tbil levels ≥23.65 μmol/L were more likely to develop major IPSD. At 6 months, both SUA (area under curve [AUC]=0.625, P=0.005, cutoff =194.0 μmol/L) and Tbil (AUC=0.681, P=0.004, cutoff =6.75 μmol/L) had minor diagnostic values (AUC<0.700), although SUA levels ≤214.5 μmol/L (AUC=0.756, P=0.001) in female patients had a good diagnostic value (AUC=0.722, P=0.006) for major IPSD. At 9 months, major IPSD showed no statistical relationship with either SUA (χ2=2.33, P=0.13) or Tbil (χ2=0.41, P=0.84).ConclusionHigher levels of SUA and Tbil on admission were closely related to the occurrence of major IPSD within 3 months of stroke. Lower levels of these two biomarkers on admission were characteristic for the occurrence of major IPSD between 3 and 6 months post-stroke, while 6 months after stroke, there was no relationship between major IPSD and these two biomarkers.

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“…Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent medical illness that comprises a variety of different symptoms (e.g., depressed mood, anhedonia, changes in appetite and sleeping, loss of energy, somatic symptoms and others). 1 The pathophysiology of MDD is related to several neurobiological changes, including hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis malfunction and consequent increase [2][3][4] or decrease [5][6][7] in basal cortisol levels. Previous studies have shown that pharmacological treatment can modulate cortisol levels independently of promoting remission of depressive symptoms.…”

Section: Can Physical Exercise Modulate Cortisol Level In Subjects Wimentioning

confidence: 99%

Can physical exercise modulate cortisol level in subjects with depression? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Beserra

Kameda

Deslandes

et al. 2018

Trends Psychiatry Psychother.

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Introduction: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent medical illness that is associated with chronic stress. Patients with MDD can show an imbalance in cortisol levels, which can be restored with the remission of symptoms. Physical exercise training has been used as a tool to promote changes in cortisol levels in healthy individuals. However, it is unknown if exercise can produce the same results in individuals with MDD. Objective: To review evidence of cortisol changes after exercise training in individuals with MDD. Methods: We conducted a search on PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, ISI Web of Knowledge, Scopus, and PsycInfo databases. Random effects meta-analysis was performed and standardized mean difference (SMD) effect size was calculated. Analyses of forest and funnel plots was conducted using Stata v.11.0 software. Results: At first, 463 studies were obtained in the search. After completion of the selection procedure, five articles with seven analyses were included. Type of exercise, frequency of training, cortisol measurement, and type of control group were analyzed. There was a reduction of cortisol levels in the exercise group (SMD = −0.65, 95%CI 1.30-0.01). Moreover, sensitivity analysis and subgroup analyses revealed an effect of type (aerobic exercise) and frequency (five times per week) of exercise on reduction of cortisol levels. However, these results should be interpreted cautiously due to the small number of studies and a substantial heterogeneity among them. Conclusion: Physical exercise promotes a reduction in cortisol levels in individuals with MDD. However, this finding can be influenced by type of exercise, weekly frequency, and type of cortisol measurement.

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Diurnal Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Measures and Inflammatory Marker Correlates in Major Depressive Disorder

Cited by 45 publications

References 65 publications

Long-term Associations of an Early Corrected Ventricular Septal Defect and Stress Systems of Child and Mother at Primary School Age

Long-term Associations of an Early Corrected Ventricular Septal Defect and Stress Systems of Child and Mother at Primary School Age

Changes of serum uric acid and total bilirubin in elderly patients with major postischemic stroke depression

Can physical exercise modulate cortisol level in subjects with depression? A systematic review and meta-analysis

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