Diurnal hormonal responses in exercise and sports medicine research: range effect adjustments

Hackney, Anthony C.

doi:10.2478/v10101-0021-y

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 9 publications

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“…Resting, basal hormone levels after substantial exercise training are commonly unchanged, increased slightly or perhaps reduced slightly. Relative to the latter, the "basement effect" phenomena prevent some aspects of detectable reductions being observed; that is a hormone value near zero cannot be reduced substantial further (50). In response to performing an acute exercise session following chronic exercise training, many hormone responses are reduced when compared to performing a similar exercise session before the training intervention; although the direction (↑ or ↓) of the hormonal change remains the same.…”

Section: What Are Situations Inducing Exercise Hypogonadism? Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypogonadism in Exercising Males: Dysfunction or Adaptive-Regulatory Adjustment?

Hackney

2020

Front. Endocrinol.

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For decades researchers have reported men who engaged in intensive exercise training can develop low resting testosterone levels, alterations in their hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, and display hypogonadism. Recently there is renewed interest in this topic since the International Olympic Committee (IOC) Medical Commission coined the term "Relative Energy Deficiency in Sports" (RED-S) as clinical terminology to address both the female-male occurrences of reproductive system health disruptions associated with exercise. This IOC Commission action attempted to move beyond the sex-specific terminology of the "Female Athlete Triad" (Triad) and heighten awareness/realization that some athletic men do have reproductive related physiologic disturbances such as lowered sex hormone levels, HPG regulatory axis alterations, and low bone mineral density similar to Triad women. There are elements in the development and symptomology of exercise-related male hypogonadism that mirror closely that of women experiencing the Triad/RED-S, but evidence also exists that dissimilarities exist between the sexes on this issue. Our research group postulates that the inconsistency and differences in the male findings in relation to women with Triad/RED-S are not just due to sex dimorphism, but that there are varying forms of exercise-related reproductive disruptions existing in athletic men resulting in them displaying a relative hypogonadism condition. Specifically, such conditions in men may derive acutely and be associated with low energy availability (Triad/RED-S) or excessive training load (overtraining) and appear transient in nature, and resolve with appropriate clinical interventions. However, manifestations of a more chronic based hypogonadism that persists on a more permanent basis (years) exist and is termed the "Exercise Hypogonadal Male Condition." This article presents an up-to-date overview of the various types of acute and chronic relative hypogonadism found in athletic, exercising men and proposes mechanistic models of how these various forms of exercise relative hypogonadism develop.

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Section: What Are Situations Inducing Exercise Hypogonadism? Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypogonadism in Exercising Males: Dysfunction or Adaptive-Regulatory Adjustment?

Hackney

2020

Front. Endocrinol.

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Spectrum of Superficial Mycosis in a Tertiary Care Hospital–a Matter of Concern

Khan

Sardana²

2022

IJAR

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BACKGROUND : Supercial mycosis has been recognized as a common fungal condition worldwide, including India. It refers to fungal infection of skin and its appendages. AIM & OBJECTIVES : 1) To determine the frequency of fungal agents isolated from clinically suspected cases of supercial mycoses, in a tertiary health care hospital. 2) To access the risk factors associated with it. 3) To analyse the demographic prole associated with supercial mycosis. MATERIAL & METHODS: The prospective study was carried out, over a period of 12 months (January 2021 to December 2021), samples such as skin scarping, hair plugs and nail clipping obtained from patients were submitted to Department of Microbiology for the fungal etiology. Samples were subjected to direct microscopy by KOH mount and fungal culture as per standard convectional technique. RESULTS: A total of 63 clinically suspected cases of supercial mycosis were enrolled in the study. Among the isolates recovered the most common were Dermatophytes(41.26%) followed by Candida(14.28%), Aspergillus(6.3%), Mucor(3.1%) and remaining 23.80% were sterile. Among the Dermatophytes, T.rubrum 42.30% was the predominant pathogen followed by T.mentagrophytes 34.61%. The most common age group affected was 21-40 years of age with male predominance of male to female ratio of 1.5:1. Out of total of 48 samples of supercial mycosis 26 were positive by direct microscopy and 48 samples were positive both by microscopy and culture. Most of the positive cases were recovered from immunocompromised individuals suffering from diabetes (37.5%) followed by prolonged antibiotic therapy (25.02%), long steroid therapy (12.5%) and chemotherapeutic agents (10.41%). The cases were mainly seen in the months between April to July which correlates the infection with the humid season. CONCLUSION: The study pinpointed dermatophytes as the most common clinical pattern of supercial mycosis with a male predominance. Dermatophytic infection is one of the emerging fungal disease along with non dermatophytic molds, especially in immunocompromised individuals prompt treatment and management can herald the onset of ensuing complications, thereby limiting the morbidity and thus improving the quality of life.

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Diurnal hormonal responses in exercise and sports medicine research: range effect adjustments

Cited by 2 publications

References 9 publications

Hypogonadism in Exercising Males: Dysfunction or Adaptive-Regulatory Adjustment?

Hypogonadism in Exercising Males: Dysfunction or Adaptive-Regulatory Adjustment?

Spectrum of Superficial Mycosis in a Tertiary Care Hospital–a Matter of Concern

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