Diurnal H-reflex variation in mice

Carp, Jonathan S.; Tennissen, Ann M.; Chen, Xiang Yang; Wolpaw, Jonathan R.

doi:10.1007/s00221-005-0106-y

Cited by 18 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…These results are consistent with our previous finding that the HR amplitude varies throughout the day in mice, being higher in the dark and lower in the light (Carp et al 2006). It is theoretically possible that the mice could take advantage of their diurnal HR variation by increasing the proportion of trials that they perform during the night (for up-conditioning) or during the light (for down-conditioning), so as to increase their probability of receiving the reward.…”

Section: Diurnal Hr Variation and Hr Conditioningsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…As previously reported (Carp et al 2006), diurnal variation in the HR was evident in control-mode recordings. For all 11 mice, the HR amplitude was largest in the dark (typically 2200 -0400 hours) and smallest in the light (typically 1300 -1900 hours).…”

Section: Diurnal Hr Variation and Hr Conditioningsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…To evaluate the possibility of interaction between HR conditioning and diurnal variation in the HR (Carp et al 2006), we grouped data from individual evoked responses (i.e., mean absolute values of bEMG, MR, and HR amplitude) into eight 3-h periods for each day (i.e., 0100 -0400, 0400 -0700, 0700 -1000, 1000 -1300, 1300 -1600, 1600 -1900, 1900 -2200, and 2200 -0100 hours) and averaged them. The timing and magnitude of the daily minimum and maximum HR amplitudes were determined for each animal during the control-mode and conditioning-mode periods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Implant and cable construction, surgical procedures, and animal care have been described fully elsewhere (Carp et al 2005a(Carp et al , 2006, and are summarized here. Mice were anesthetized with ketamine and xylazine (120 and 8 mg/kg, ip, respectively) and received additional doses as required.…”

Section: Animals and Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mice exhibit HR conditioning in a similar proportion of individual animals and following a similar time-course as has been seen for monkeys and rats (Chen and Wolpaw 1995;Wolpaw et al 1983). In addition, mice, like rats and monkeys, exhibit a diurnal variation in the HR amplitude (although the phase relationships differ among species) that is independent of both the level of ongoing EMG and the level of afferent input (Carp et al 2006;Chen and Wolpaw 1994;Dowman and Wolpaw 1989;Wolpaw and Seegal 1982), and the diurnal variation in the HR does not seem to cause or interact with HR conditioning.…”

Section: Hr Conditioning In Mice and Other Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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H-Reflex Operant Conditioning in Mice

Carp¹,

Tennissen²,

Chen³

et al. 2006

Journal of Neurophysiology

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. Rats, monkeys, and humans can alter the size of their spinal stretch reflex and its electrically induced analog, the H-reflex (HR), when exposed to an operant conditioning paradigm. Because this conditioning induces plasticity in the spinal cord, it offers a unique opportunity to identify the neuronal sites and mechanisms that underlie a well-defined change in a simple behavior. To facilitate these studies, we developed an HR operant conditioning protocol in mice, which are better suited to genetic manipulation and electrophysiological spinal cord study in vitro than rats or primates. Eleven mice under deep surgical anesthesia were implanted with tibial nerve stimulating electrodes and soleus and gastrocnemius intramuscular electrodes for recording ongoing and stimulus-evoked EMG activity. During the 24-h/day computer-controlled experiment, mice received a liquid reward for either increasing (up-conditioning) or decreasing (down-conditioning) HR amplitude while maintaining target levels of ongoing EMG and directly evoked EMG (M-responses). After 3-7 wk of conditioning, the HR amplitude was 133 Ϯ 7% (SE) of control for up-conditioning and 71 Ϯ 8% of control for downconditioning. HR conditioning was successful (i.e., Ն20% change in HR amplitude in the appropriate direction) in five of six up-conditioned animals (mean final HR amplitude ϭ 139 Ϯ 5% of control HR for successful mice) and in four of five down-conditioned animals (mean final HR amplitude ϭ 63 Ϯ 8% of control HR for successful mice). These effects were not attributable to differences in the net level of motoneuron pool excitation, stimulation strength, or distribution of HR trials throughout the day. Thus mice exhibit HR operant conditioning comparable with that observed in rats and monkeys.

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Section: Diurnal Hr Variation and Hr Conditioningsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Diurnal Hr Variation and Hr Conditioningsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Animals and Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hr Conditioning In Mice and Other Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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H-Reflex Operant Conditioning in Mice

Carp¹,

Tennissen²,

Chen³

et al. 2006

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Soleus H‐reflex operant conditioning changes the H‐reflex recruitment curve

Thompson¹,

Chen²,

Wolpaw³

2012

Muscle and Nerve

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Introduction Operant conditioning can gradually change the human soleus H-reflex. The protocol conditions the reflex near M-wave threshold. This study examined its impact on the reflexes at other stimulus strengths. Methods H-reflex recruitment curves were obtained before and after a 24-session exposure to an up-conditioning (HRup) or down-conditioning (HRdown) protocol and were compared. Results In both HRup and HRdown subjects, conditioning affected the entire H-reflex recruitment curve. In 5 of 6 HRup and 3 of 6 HRdown subjects, conditioning elevated (HRup) or depressed (HRdown), respectively, the entire curve. In the other HRup subject or the other 3 HRdown subjects, the curve was shifted to the left or to the right, respectively. Discussion H-reflex conditioning does not simply change the H-reflex to a stimulus of particular strength; it also changes the H-reflexes to stimuli of different strengths. Thus, it is likely to affect many actions in which this pathway participates.

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Effects of active and sham tDCS on the soleus H-reflex during standing

2023

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Weak transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is known to affect corticospinal excitability and enhance motor skill acquisition, whereas its effects on spinal reflexes in actively contracting muscles are yet to be established. Thus, in this study, we examined the acute effects of Active and Sham tDCS on the soleus H-reflex during standing. In fourteen adults without known neurological conditions, the soleus H-reflex was repeatedly elicited at just above M-wave threshold throughout 30 min of Active (N = 7) or Sham (N = 7) 2-mA tDCS over the primary motor cortex in standing. The maximum H-reflex (Hmax) and M-wave (Mmax) were also measured before and immediately after 30 min of tDCS. The soleus H-reflex amplitudes became significantly larger (by 6%) ≈1 min into Active or Sham tDCS and gradually returned toward the pre-tDCS values, on average, within 15 min. With Active tDCS, the amplitude reduction from the initial increase appeared to occur more swiftly than with Sham tDCS. An acute temporary increase in the soleus H-reflex amplitude within the first minute of Active and Sham tDCS found in this study indicates a previously unreported effect of tDCS on the H-reflex excitability. The present study suggests that neurophysiological characterization of Sham tDCS effects is just as important as investigating Active tDCS effects in understanding and defining acute effects of tDCS on the excitability of spinal reflex pathways.

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Diurnal H-reflex variation in mice

Cited by 18 publications

References 36 publications

H-Reflex Operant Conditioning in Mice

H-Reflex Operant Conditioning in Mice

Soleus H‐reflex operant conditioning changes the H‐reflex recruitment curve

Effects of active and sham tDCS on the soleus H-reflex during standing

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