Diurnal evolution of negative atmospheric ions above the boreal forest: from ground level to the free troposphere

Beck, Lisa; Schobesberger, Siegfried; Junninen, Heikki; Lampilahti, Janne; Manninen, Antti; Dada, Lubna; Leino, Katri; He, Xu‐Cheng; Pullinen, Iida; Quéléver, Lauriane L. J.; Franck, Anna; Poutanen, Pyry; Wimmer, Daniela; Korhonen, Frans; Sipilä, Mikko; Ehn, Mikael; Worsnop, Douglas R.; Kerminen, Veli‐Matti; Petäj̈ä, Tuukka; Kulmala, Markku; Duplissy, Jonathan

doi:10.5194/acp-22-8547-2022

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 92 publications

(105 reference statements)

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“…The free troposphere is characterized by a much lower concentration of particles > 300 nm (median of ≈10.0 cm -3 ) compared to the ground-level and boundary-layer observations (Figure 5b). This agrees well with previous aircraft measurements conducted above SMEAR II, which also indicate a sharp decrease in particle concentration when the free troposphere is reached (Schobesberger et al, 2013;Väänänen et al, 2016;Lampilahti et al, 2021;Beck et al, 2022). Furthermore, the particles in the free troposphere have a very different particle number size distribution pattern (orange data points in Figure 5a).…”

Section: Particle Concentrations and Size Distributions Above Hyytiäläsupporting

confidence: 91%

Vertical distribution of ice nucleating particles over the boreal forest of Hyytiälä, Finland

Brasseur,

Schneider,

Lampilahti

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Abstract. Ice nucleating particles (INPs) play a crucial role in initiating ice crystal formation in clouds, influencing the dynamics and optical properties of clouds and their impacts on precipitation and the climate system. Despite their importance, there is limited knowledge about the vertical distribution of INPs. This study focuses on aircraft measurements conducted during spring 2018 above the boreal forest of Hyytiälä, Finland. Similarities between INP concentrations, activated fractions, particle concentrations and size distributions observed at ground-level and in the boundary layer aloft indicate that surface particles and INPs are efficiently transported and mixed within the boundary layer. INP concentrations observed in the boundary layer are successfully predicted by a parameterization describing near-surface INP concentrations driven by the abundance of biogenic aerosol in the Finnish boreal forest, suggesting that biogenic INPs are dominant in the boundary layer above the same environment. Most of the INP concentrations and activated fractions observed in the free troposphere are notably lower than in the boundary layer, and the distinct particle size distributions suggest that different aerosol populations, likely resulting from long-range transport, are present in the free troposphere. However, we show one case where higher INP concentrations are observed in the free troposphere and where a homogeneous particle population exists from the surface to the free troposphere. This indicates that surface particles and INPs from the boreal forest can occasionally reach the free troposphere, which is particularly important as the INPs in the free troposphere can further travel horizontally and/or vertically and impact cloud formation.

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Section: Particle Concentrations and Size Distributions Above Hyytiäläsupporting

confidence: 91%

Vertical distribution of ice nucleating particles over the boreal forest of Hyytiälä, Finland

Brasseur,

Schneider,

Lampilahti

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Evidence of nitrate-based nighttime atmospheric nucleation driven by marine microorganisms in the South Pacific

Chamba,

Rissanen,

Barthelmeß

et al. 2023

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Our understanding of ocean–cloud interactions and their effect on climate lacks insight into a key pathway: do biogenic marine emissions form new particles in the open ocean atmosphere? Using measurements collected in ship-borne air–sea interface tanks deployed in the Southwestern Pacific Ocean, we identified new particle formation (NPF) during nighttime that was related to plankton community composition. We show that nitrate ions are the only species for which abundance could support NPF rates in our semicontrolled experiments. Nitrate ions also prevailed in the natural pristine marine atmosphere and were elevated under higher sub-10 nm particle concentrations. We hypothesize that these nucleation events were fueled by complex, short-term biogeochemical cycling involving the microbial loop. These findings suggest a new perspective with a previously unidentified role of nitrate of marine biogeochemical origin in aerosol nucleation.

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Mass spectrometric measurements of ambient ions and estimation of gaseous sulfuric acid in the free troposphere and lowermost stratosphere during the CAFE-EU/BLUESKY campaign

Zauner-Wieczorek

Heinritzi²,

Granzin³

et al. 2022

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Ambient ions play an important role in atmospheric processes such as ion-induced new particle formation. While there are several studies of ambient ions for different layers of the atmosphere, data coverage for the free troposphere and especially the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) region is scarce. Here, we present the first airborne measurements of ambient ions using a high-resolution atmospheric pressure interface time-of-flight mass spectrometer (HR-APi-TOF-MS) in the free troposphere and lower stratosphere above Europe on board the HALO aircraft during the CAFE-EU/BLUESKY campaign in May and June 2020. In negative measurement mode, we observed nitrate and hydrogen sulfate and their related ion clusters in an altitude range of 4.7 to 13.4 km. The horizontal profiles for those ions reveal an increasing count rate for NO3- and (HNO3)NO3- towards higher altitudes but no significant trend for HSO4−. From the count rates of the nitrate (NO3-) and hydrogen sulfate (HSO4-) core ions, we inferred the number concentration of gaseous sulfuric acid. The lowest average value was found to be 1.9×105 cm−3 at the maximum altitude bin, i.e. 13.4 km. The highest average value of 7.8×105 cm−3 was observed in the 8.7–9.2 km altitude bin. During the transit through a mixed-phase cloud, we observed an event of enhanced ion count rates and aerosol particle concentrations that can largely be assigned to nitrate ions and particles, respectively; this may have been caused by the shattering of liquid cloud droplets on the surface of the aircraft or the inlet. Furthermore, we report the proof of principle for the measurement of ambient cations and the identification of protonated pyridine.

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Diurnal evolution of negative atmospheric ions above the boreal forest: from ground level to the free troposphere

Cited by 8 publications

References 92 publications

Vertical distribution of ice nucleating particles over the boreal forest of Hyytiälä, Finland

Vertical distribution of ice nucleating particles over the boreal forest of Hyytiälä, Finland

Evidence of nitrate-based nighttime atmospheric nucleation driven by marine microorganisms in the South Pacific

Mass spectrometric measurements of ambient ions and estimation of gaseous sulfuric acid in the free troposphere and lowermost stratosphere during the CAFE-EU/BLUESKY campaign

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