Diurnal Emissions from In-Use Vehicles

Haskew, Harold M.; Liberty, Thomas F.

doi:10.4271/1999-01-1463

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…From 1996-1997 (9). The FTP Revision Project measurements were carried out on new MY 1991-1994 vehicles with 80 000 km laboratory-aged catalyst (10). The American Automobile Manufacturers data refers to MY 1991-1992 measured in 1995-1996 (11).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Engine Technology on the Vehicular Emissions in Mexico City

Schifter

Díaz

Vera

et al. 2000

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The metropolitan area of Mexico City is the urban area of the country that presents the most critical environmental problem due to fuel consumption. Attempting to reduce the ambient concentration of pollutants, the environmental program adopted consisted of a broad series of strategies designed to improve the air quality. Modification of fuel formulation, which include composition and physical properties, provide a particularly effective way to reduce emissions. The reformulated gasoline in Mexico has reduced aromatics, olefins, and benzene contents as well as a lower Reid vapor pressure. The regulated emissions (carbon monoxide, total hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides) were evaluated for each vehicle as well as the speciated hydrocarbons present in the exhaust emission. With these data, we estimated the ozone-forming potential of the fuels and correlate the results with the technology of the vehicles. When these data are compared with those obtained in United States, there is an important difference in the technological devices related to emission control in vehicles of the Mexican market. Moreover, our results strongly suggest that emission standards for new vehicles sold in Mexico must be tighten further in order equal those demanded in other countries.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Engine Technology on the Vehicular Emissions in Mexico City

Schifter

Díaz

Vera

et al. 2000

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Published studies of the impact of midlevel ethanol blends on tailpipe emissions from FFVs are relatively limited in number. − Haskew and Liberty investigated the emissions from one 2006-MY and six 2007-MY FFVs using E6, E32, E59, and E85 on the FTP, US06, and LA92 cycles. The average NMHC, NMOG, CO, and NO x emissions did not exhibit an emissions trend with increasing ethanol content, with the exception of trends of decreasing NMHC and NMOG for the US06 cycle . Karavalakis et al studied the emissions from a 2007-MY FFV using E10, E20, E50, and E85 fuel on the FTP cycle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yassine and La Pan reported decreases in emissions of THC, NMOG, CO, and NO x of 58%, 42%, 83%, and 60%, respectively, for E20 compared to E0 fuel in a 2006-MY FFV over the FTP cycle. Yanowitz et al investigated the emissions from 9 FFVs (model years 2002 to 2011) over the LA92 test cycle immediately after refueling with E40, having been previously adapted to E10 or E76. Average decreases in emissions of NMOG, CO, and NO x of 5%, 10%, and 8%, respectively, were reported for E40 compared to and after running on E10 fuel …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When studies were performed using FFVs, it is often not reported whether the vehicle correctly determined the ethanol content in the fuel and hence was operating within appropriate parameters for the given fuel . The literature data upon which to assess the impact of ethanol concentration for blends intermediate between E10 and E85 on FFV emissions is sparse − with reports of large, modest, or no , discernible change in NO x , VOC, and CO emissions with midlevel blends.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ethanol and Air Quality: Influence of Fuel Ethanol Content on Emissions and Fuel Economy of Flexible Fuel Vehicles

Hubbard

Anderson

Wallington

2013

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Engine-out and tailpipe emissions of NOx, CO, nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHC), nonmethane organic gases (NMOG), total hydrocarbons (THC), methane, ethene, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, ethanol, N2O, and NH3 from a 2006 model year Mercury Grand Marquis flexible fuel vehicle (FFV) operating on E0, E10, E20, E30, E40, E55, and E80 on a chassis dynamometer are reported. With increasing ethanol content in the fuel, the tailpipe emissions of ethanol, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, methane, and ammonia increased; NOx and NMHC decreased; while CO, ethene, and N2O emissions were not discernibly affected. NMOG and THC emissions displayed a pronounced minimum with midlevel (E20-E40) ethanol blends; 25-35% lower than for E0 or E80. Emissions of NOx decreased by approximately 50% as the ethanol content increased from E0 to E30-E40, with no further decrease seen with E55 or E80. We demonstrate that emission trends from FFVs are explained by fuel chemistry and engine calibration effects. Fuel chemistry effects are fundamental in nature; the same trend of increased ethanol, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, and CH4 emissions and decreased NMHC and benzene emissions are expected for all FFVs. Engine calibration effects are manufacturer and model specific; emission trends for NOx, THC, and NMOG will not be the same for all FFVs. Implications for air quality are discussed.

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“…FFVs are expected to operate satisfactorily on IEB and ethanol flex fuel, but there is only limited data on FFV emissions performance compared with conventional vehicles. CRC and CARB conducted a research program to investigate the effect of fuel ethanol content on FFV emissions and to determine how fast FFV emissions stabilize when fuel ethanol content changes …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Summary of Research on the Use of Intermediate Ethanol Blends in On-Road Vehicles

Hochhauser¹,

Schleyer

2014

Energy Fuels

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The paper summarizes research on the use of intermediate ethanol blends in the U. S. vehicle fleet. Intermediate ethanol blends, fuels with ethanol content above 10%, are just being introduced in the U. S. for use in conventional vehicles. Thirty published studies are covered including the extensive program conducted by the Coordinating Research Council. The individual studies are grouped by vehicle performance aspect: driveability, exhaust emissions, evaporative emissions, flexible-fuel vehicles, onboard diagnostics, and durability of engine, fuel, and emissions control systems. Within each performance aspect, data are examined for common trends and potential fuel impacts. In some cases, results from similar programs are combined and analyzed. A variety of ethanol impacts on vehicle performance and emissions are identified and described. Emphasis is placed on impact areas or potential failure modes that have been identified and tested. Differences in vehicle responses to increasing ethanol content are identified. Some of the studies concluded that intermediate ethanol blends have similar performance to gasoline or low level ethanol blends in a number of areas including short-term driveability and emissions and exhaust catalyst and evaporative control system durability in the post-2001 vehicles tested. However, there are areas where research has identified potential adverse impacts from intermediate ethanol blends including false illumination of Malfunction Indicator Lights and reduced engine and fuel system durability.

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Diurnal Emissions from In-Use Vehicles

Cited by 7 publications

References 6 publications

Impact of Engine Technology on the Vehicular Emissions in Mexico City

Impact of Engine Technology on the Vehicular Emissions in Mexico City

Ethanol and Air Quality: Influence of Fuel Ethanol Content on Emissions and Fuel Economy of Flexible Fuel Vehicles

Summary of Research on the Use of Intermediate Ethanol Blends in On-Road Vehicles

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