Diurnal cycles of salivary cortisol in older adults

Ice, Gillian H.; Katz-Stein, A.; Himes, John H.; Kane, Robert L

doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(03)00034-9

Cited by 112 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Higher evening and nocturnal concentrations of cortisol resulting in an overall increase in 24 h mean cortisol and a flattened diurnal pattern characterised older participants in several studies ( [Deuschle et al, 1997], [Luz et al, 2003], [VanCauter et al, 1996] and [Yen and Laughlin, 1998]). In contrast, older individuals have also exhibited a steeper cortisol slope (Ice et al, 2004). In addition, two studies reported no association between age and cortisol secretion during the day ( [Edwards et al, 2001] and [Wolf et al, 2002]).…”

Section: Ageing and Cortisolmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…However, many of these studies have tested a broad age range, rather than recruit distinct young and old age cohorts. Some failed to obtain repeated saliva samples across the day and thus restricted their analysis to the CAR ( [Kudielka and Kirschbaum, 2003], [Pruessner et al, 1997] and [Wurst et al, 2000]) or to the slope of decline ( [Ice et al, 2004], [Luz et al, 2003] and [Wolf et al, 2002]). Finally, several previous studies did not control for important confounding variables such as awakening time, which affects the diurnal cortisol cycle (Edwards et al, 2001).…”

Section: Ageing and Cortisolmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ageing, depression, anxiety, social support and the diurnal rhythm and awakening response of salivary cortisol

Heaney¹,

Phillips²,

Carroll³

2010

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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The present study compared the cortisol awakening response and diurnal rhythm in 24 young healthy students and 48 community-dwelling older adults. The associations with diurnal cortisol and depression, anxiety and social support were also examined in relation to age. Salivary cortisol was measured over the course of one day: immediately upon awakening, 30 min later, and then 3 h, 6 h, 9 h and 12 h post-awakening. Participants completed a questionnaire measuring symptoms of anxiety and depression and social support was assessed. Older adults exhibited a significantly reduced awakening response, overall cortisol levels, area under the curve (AUC) and diurnal slopes than younger adults, resulting in a flatter diurnal rhythm. Younger adults with higher depression scores had significantly higher overall cortisol and higher levels upon awakening and 30 min postawakening. In the younger adults, anxiety and depression correlated positively with AUC and the cortisol awakening response (CAR). Older adults with lower social support had a reduced AUC where younger adults with lower social support displayed a larger AUC. These findings suggest that the diurnal rhythm and awakening response of salivary cortisol are significantly reduced in older adults and the associations between anxiety, depression and social support and diurnal cortisol vary with age.

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Section: Ageing and Cortisolmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Ageing and Cortisolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ageing, depression, anxiety, social support and the diurnal rhythm and awakening response of salivary cortisol

Heaney¹,

Phillips²,

Carroll³

2010

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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“…The time points for salivary collection were chosen based on published recommendations made by the MacArthur Research Network on Socioeconomic Status and Health (John and Catherine, 1999) and a report by Ice et al (2004) which examined salivary cortisol levels every 2 h from 8:00 am to 10:00 pm in elderly subjects. It was expected that these time points would span the peak and nadir of cortisol release during waking hours.…”

Section: Salivary Sampling Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary cortisol is associated with diagnosis and severity of late-life generalized anxiety disorder

Mantella

Butters

Amico

et al. 2008

Psychoneuroendocrinology

188

151

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SummaryAge-associated alterations in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis functioning may make individuals more susceptible to HPA dysregulation in the context of mood and anxiety disorders. Little to no research has been done to examine HPA axis function in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), particularly in late-life GAD, the most prevalent anxiety disorder in the elderly. The study sample consisted of 71 GAD subjects and 40 nonanxious comparison subjects over 60 years of age. We examined the hypotheses that elderly individuals with GAD will have elevated salivary cortisol levels compared to nonanxious subjects, and that elevated cortisol levels in GAD will be associated with measures of symptom severity. We report that late-life GAD is characterized by elevated basal salivary cortisol levels, with higher peak cortisol levels and larger areas under the curve, compared to nonanxious subjects. Additionally, severity of GAD as measured by the GAD Severity Scale and the Penn State Worry Questionnaire are positively correlated with cortisol levels. These data demonstrate HPA axis dysfunction in late-life GAD and suggest the need for additional research on the influence of aging on HPA axis function in mood and anxiety disorders.

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“…Circadian rhythms for salivary cortisol secretion and chromogranin A levels have previously been described in human saliva (Den et al 2007;Fiocco et al 2006;Ice et al 2004). To our knowledge, this study is the first to report significant diurnal fluctuations in a marker of salivary redox homeostasis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Diurnal variations in salivary protein carbonyl levels in normal and cognitively impaired human subjects

Gornitsky

Geng

et al. 2008

AGE

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Oxidative stress has been documented in tissues and biofluids of subjects with sporadic Alzheimer disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The aim of this study was to determine whether (a) salivary protein carbonyls are elevated in AD and MCI subjects, (b) salivary protein carbonyl contents in these groups exhibit diurnal variation, and (c) apolipoprotein E ɛ4 (apoE ɛ4) carrier status impacts salivary carbonyl concentrations or rhythmicity in the AD and MCI cohorts. Unstimulated saliva was collected at fixed intervals between 8 AM and 10 PM from 15 AD subject , 21 MCI subjects, and 30 cognitively-intact controls. Salivary protein carbonyl concentrations were measured by ELISA. ApoE genotyping was performed on the AD and MCI individuals. For all groups, mean protein carbonyl contents were significantly elevated at 2 PM relative to other time points surveyed. Mean salivary protein carbonyl concentrations did not differ among the diagnostic groups. ApoE ɛ4 carriers exhibited less temporal variation in salivary protein carbonyls relative to noncarriers. Thus, protein carbonyl content exhibits diurnal variation in adult human saliva. ApoE ɛ4 carrier status may impact oropharyngeal disease expression by attenuating the inherent diurnal variability in salivary redox homeostasis. Salivary protein carbonyls do not differentiate AD and MCI from normal individuals. In conclusion, oxidative stress has been documented in tissues and biofluids of subjects with sporadic AD and MCI. This article demonstrates that levels of protein carbonyls, a marker of oxidative stress, exhibit robust diurnal variation in the saliva of normal elderly, MCI, and AD subjects. Apolipoprotein E ɛ4 allele carrier status may attenuate this temporal variability in salivary redox homeostasis and thereby impact the natural history of oropharyngeal diseases.

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Diurnal cycles of salivary cortisol in older adults

Cited by 112 publications

References 63 publications

Ageing, depression, anxiety, social support and the diurnal rhythm and awakening response of salivary cortisol

Ageing, depression, anxiety, social support and the diurnal rhythm and awakening response of salivary cortisol

Salivary cortisol is associated with diagnosis and severity of late-life generalized anxiety disorder

Diurnal variations in salivary protein carbonyl levels in normal and cognitively impaired human subjects

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