Diurnal Changes in Maize Leaf Photosynthesis

Kalt-Torres, Willy; Kerr, Phillip S.; Usuda, Hideaki; Huber, Steven C.

doi:10.1104/pp.83.2.283

Cited by 141 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…This is especially important in C4 plants, which are subject to larger fluctuations in the rate of CO 2 fixation during natural changes in irradiance during the day (Kalt-Torres et al 1987). That is likely the case of the alien C4 grass species M. minutiflora, which showed higher variations in the content of NSC during the diurnal cycle when compared to the other grasses studied in the present work.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Diurnal variations of non-structural carbohydrates in vegetative tissues of Melinis minutiflora, Echinolaena inflexa and Lolium multiflorum (Poaceae)

Souza¹,

Sandrin²,

Moraes³

et al. 2005

Rev. bras. Bot.

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-(Diurnal variations of non-structural carbohydrates in vegetative tissues of Melinis minutiflora, Echinolaena inflexa, and Lolium multiflorum -Poaceae). Echinolaena inflexa (Poir.) Chase is a native C3 grass species with high biomass production and abundance in the cerrado comparable to Melinis minutiflora Beauv., a C4 forage grass of African origin, widespread in the cerrado, displacing some native herbaceous species. These species accumulate mainly starch, differently of Lolium multiflorum Lam. ssp. italicum Beck cv. Lema (ryegrass), a C3 temperate forage grass that accumulates fructans as the major storage carbohydrate in the vegetative tissues. In the present study, we analyzed diurnal variations in the content and composition of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) in the aerial vegetative parts of the three species. Results showed similarity in water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) and starch contents between Melinis minutiflora and Echinolaena inflexa, with the exotic grass accumulating higher amounts of NSC. However, the levels of sucrose, glucose and fructose were 10 fold higher in Lolium multiflorum, that accumulates fructan as the main storage carbohydrate. Although the contents of WSC and starch were similar in the tropical species E. inflexa and M. minutiflora, their diurnal variations were different and could be related to starch metabolism, especially in M. minutiflora.Key words -cerrado, fructans, Panicoideae, Pooideae, starch, sugars RESUMO -(Variações diurnas nos carboidratos não-estruturais em tecidos vegetativos de Melinis minutiflora, Echinolaena inflexa and Lolium multiflorum -Poaceae).Echinolaena inflexa (Poir.) Chase (flexinha) é uma gramínea C3 nativa do cerrado, que apresenta produção de biomassa e abundância comparáveis às de Melinis minutiflora Beauv. (capim-gordura), uma gramínea C4, de origem africana e invasora do cerrado. Ambas espécies são perenes e armazenam amido como carboidrato de reserva, diferentemente de Lolium multiflorum Lam. ssp. italicum Beck cv. Lema, uma gramínea C3 de regiões de clima temperado, introduzida no sul do Brasil para fins forrageiros, que acumula frutanos como principal carboidrato de reserva em seus órgãos vegetativos. Neste trabalho foram analisadas as variações diurnas no conteúdo e na composição dos carboidratos-não estruturais (NSC) presentes na parte aérea dessas três espécies. Os resultados mostraram que os conteúdos de açúcares solúveis em água (WSC) e de amido são semelhantes em Melinis minutiflora e Echinolaena inflexa, sendo maiores na espécie invasora. Contudo, as maiores quantidades de WSC, especialmente de sacarose, glicose e frutose foram encontradas em Lolium multiflorum, gramínea acumuladora de frutanos. Embora os conteúdos de WSC e de amido nas gramíneas tropicais E. inflexa e M. minutiflora tenham sido semelhantes entre si, os padrões diurnos de variação desses compostos foram diferentes nessas espécies e parecem estar relacionados ao metabolismo de amido, especialmente em M. minutiflora.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Diurnal variations of non-structural carbohydrates in vegetative tissues of Melinis minutiflora, Echinolaena inflexa and Lolium multiflorum (Poaceae)

Souza¹,

Sandrin²,

Moraes³

et al. 2005

Rev. bras. Bot.

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“…barley (25) and Lolium temulentum (22). SPS activity in maize leaves was reported to be activated by light (26) and in a natural environment whole leaf SPS activity paralleled changes in light intensity (12). It is not known, however, whether the light modulation of SPS activity is characteristic of C4 species and whether the compartmentation of SPS activity between MC and BSC changes during a day/night cycle.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…It is possible that SPS activity in the NAD-ME(F) species (and P. bisulcatum and P. virgatum) changes more slowly in response to a light/dark transition compared with the other species. In maize leaves, the dark deactivation of SPS occurs within 30 min (12), which was the basis for the exposure time used in the present study.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Light Modulation and Localization of Sucrose Phosphate Synthase Activity between Mesophyll Cells and Bundle Sheath Cells in C₄ Species

Ohsugi¹,

Huber²

1987

Plant Physiol.

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Experiments were conducted with several Panicum species (representing the different C4 subtypes) to examine the light modulation of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activity and the effect of illumination on the distribution of SPS activity between mesophyll cells (MC) and bundle sheath cells (BSC). Activity of SPS in the light decreased in the order: C4> C3-C4 intermediate > C3. In illuminated leaves, SPS activities were similar among the three C4 subtypes, but SPS activity was higher for NAD-malic enzyme (NAD-ME) species with centripetal chloroplasts in BSC (NAD-ME(P) species) than for NAD-ME species with centrifugal chloroplasts in BSC (NAD-ME(F) species). Transfer of plants into darkness for 30 minutes resulted in decreased SPS activity for all species tested except Panicum bisukatum (C3 species) and Panicum virgatum (NAD-ME(P) species) which showed little or no change. All C4 subtypes had some SPS activity both in MC and BSC. In the light, SPS activity was mainly in the MC for NADP-ME, NAD-ME(F) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase species, while it was mainly in the BSC for NAD-ME(P) species. In the dark, for all C4 subtypes, SPS activity in the MC was decreased to a greater extent than that in the BSC. It is intriguing that NAD-ME(F) and NAD-ME(P) species differed in the activity and distribution of SPS activity between MC and BSC, although they are otherwise identical in the photosynthetic carbon assimilation pathway. Diurnal changes in SPS activity in the MC and BSC were also examined in maize leaves. SPS activity in the MC in maize leaves was high and relatively constant throughout the middle of the light period, dropped rapidly after sunset and increased again prior to the light period. On the other hand, SPS activity in the BSC was lower and changed more coincidently with light intensity than that in the MC. The results suggested that light activation of SPS activity located in the BSC may require higher irradiance for saturation than the SPS in the MC. We conclude that SPS may function in both MC and BSC for sucrose synthesis in the light, particularly at high light intensity, while in the dark, the major function may be in the BSC during starch degradation. sucrose-P from fructose-6-P and UDP-glucose, plays a key role in the regulation of sucrose biosynthesis (10). In C3 species, sucrose biosynthesis occurs in the cytoplasm of mesophyll cells and the biochemical mechanism of sucrose formation has been relatively well established (28). In C4 species, however, research has concentrated almost exclusively on maize which is an NADP-ME species. The biochemical mechanism involved in the regulation of photosynthetic carbohydrate formation is considered to be more complex than in C3 species since two different cell types (i.e. MC and BSC) are involved in the photosynthetic carbon assimilation.In maize leaves, the MC is considered to be the main site of sucrose biosynthesis since SPS and other enzymes involved in sucrose formation are thought to be located largely, if not exclusively, in the MC (5...

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“…In some varieties of soybean the activity of SPS changes with a circadian rhythm independently of light conditions, but the activation of SPS in maize leaves is lightdependent (Rufty et al, 1983 ;Kalt-Torres et al, 1987). In maize and rice (C $ ) leaves, light alone seems to give maximal activation of SPS, whereas in spinach leaves, feeding with mannose is usually required to achieve maximal activation (Stitt et al, 1988 ;Huber et al, 1995 ;J.…”

Section: The Diurnal Cycle In Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tansley Review No. 105.

Lunn

Furbank

1999

New Phytologist

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Sucrose has a central role in the metabolism of all higher plants. Here we discuss the location of sucrose synthesis in the leaves of C % plants, the control of flux through the pathway and its response to environmental conditions, and finally some of the prospects for the genetic manipulation of sucrose metabolism in C % plants. Much of our knowledge about sucrose synthesis in plants comes from C $ species ; it is evident, from those studies of C % species that are available, that there are many similarities between sucrose synthesis in C $ and C % plants. However, some of the basic regulatory mechanisms common to both C $ and C % plants seem to have been adapted for the specialized photosynthetic metabolism of C % plants. There are also some other important differences : for example, some C % species possess photosynthetic cells with little or no capacity for sucrose synthesis. For these reasons it is not always appropriate to extrapolate directly from C $ to C % plants. Even where data are available from one C % species, usually maize, it should not be assumed that all C % plants are necessarily the same in every respect. Although C % plants constitute a small fraction of the plant kingdom as a whole, they include a disproportionate number of agriculturally important species. C % plants also have some advantages over C $ plants for studies of the regulation of cell-specific gene expression and the control of metabolism. For these reasons we suggest that they are worthy of more attention by researchers.

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Diurnal Changes in Maize Leaf Photosynthesis

Cited by 141 publications

References 14 publications

Diurnal variations of non-structural carbohydrates in vegetative tissues of Melinis minutiflora, Echinolaena inflexa and Lolium multiflorum (Poaceae)

Diurnal variations of non-structural carbohydrates in vegetative tissues of Melinis minutiflora, Echinolaena inflexa and Lolium multiflorum (Poaceae)

Light Modulation and Localization of Sucrose Phosphate Synthase Activity between Mesophyll Cells and Bundle Sheath Cells in C₄ Species

Tansley Review No. 105.

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Diurnal Changes in Maize Leaf Photosynthesis

Cited by 141 publications

References 14 publications

Diurnal variations of non-structural carbohydrates in vegetative tissues of Melinis minutiflora, Echinolaena inflexa and Lolium multiflorum (Poaceae)

Diurnal variations of non-structural carbohydrates in vegetative tissues of Melinis minutiflora, Echinolaena inflexa and Lolium multiflorum (Poaceae)

Light Modulation and Localization of Sucrose Phosphate Synthase Activity between Mesophyll Cells and Bundle Sheath Cells in C4 Species

Tansley Review No. 105.

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Light Modulation and Localization of Sucrose Phosphate Synthase Activity between Mesophyll Cells and Bundle Sheath Cells in C₄ Species