Diurnal and seasonal variations of odor and gas emissions from a naturally ventilated free-stall dairy barn on the Canadian prairies

Huang, Dandan; Guo, Huiqing

doi:10.1080/10962247.2017.1329172

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…In the current study, a positive monocausal correlation trend was found between NH 3 emission factors and both the ambient air temperature at the height of 1.5 m and the air temperature inside the flux chamber (r = 0.59 and 0.60, respectively, p < 0.001, n = 35). Based on continuous measurements of ammonia, it has been shown that indoor temperature, air velocity, and animal activity are the most relevant influencing factors that affect ammonia emission (Arogo et al 2003;Blanes-Vidal et al 2008;Flesch et al 2009;Hayes et al 2006;Huang and Guo 2017;Schauberger et al 2013;Ye et al 2011). Saha et al (2014) addressed the significant effect of relative humidity on the NH 3 emissions from a naturally ventilated dairy barn.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions from a commercial dairy farm with an exercise yard and the health-related impact for residents

Yang

Brancher

et al. 2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Airborne emissions from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) have the potential to pose a risk to human health and the environment. Here, we present an assessment of the emission, dispersion, and health-related impact of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emitted from a 300-head, full-scale dairy farm with an exercise yard in Beijing, China. By monitoring the referred gas emissions with a dynamic flux chamber for seven consecutive days, we examined their emission rates. An annual hourly emission time series was constructed on the basis of the measured emission rates and a release modification model. The health risk of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions around the dairy farm was then determined using atmospheric dispersion modeling and exposure risk assessment. The body mass-related mean emission factors of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide were 2.13 kg a−1 AU−1 and 24.9 g a−1 AU−1, respectively (one animal unit (AU) is equivalent to 500 kg body mass). A log-normal distribution fitted well to ammonia emission rates. Contour lines of predicted hourly mean concentrations of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide were mainly driven by the meteorological conditions. The concentrations of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide at the fence line were below 10 μg m−3 and 0.04 μg m−3, respectively, and were 2–3 orders of magnitude lower than the current Chinese air quality standards for such pollutants. Moreover, the cumulative non-carcinogenic risks (HI) of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide were 4 orders of magnitudes lower than the acceptable risk levels (HI = 1). Considering a health risk criterion of 1E-4, the maximum distance from the farm fence line to meet this criterion was nearly 1000 m towards north-northeast. The encompassed area of the contour lines of the ambient concentration of ammonia is much larger than that of hydrogen sulfide. However, the contour lines of the ammonia health risk are analogous to those of hydrogen sulfide. In general, the ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions from the dairy farm are unlikely to cause any health risks for the population living in the neighborhood.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions from a commercial dairy farm with an exercise yard and the health-related impact for residents

Yang

Brancher

et al. 2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Many gas and odor studies relating source emissions and/or concentration and downwind concentrations relied on periodic daytime measurements [22,[38][39][40]. Based on the dairy and swine case studies, periodic daytime sampling is more likely to capture maximum gas and odor emission rates but does not capture the peak downwind concentrations-more likely to cause annoyance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Hydrogen Sulfide Concentrations and Odor Annoyance Frequency Predictions Downwind from Livestock Facilities

Akter

Cortus

2020

Atmosphere

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Estimating and measuring the occurrence of a sensation, odor, around livestock facilities is challenging. This research compares the estimated frequency of odor nuisance with measured hydrogen sulfide (H2S) concentrations at various distances around a swine and a dairy operation, and discusses the results based on time of day, weather conditions, distance, and topography. The estimated odor annoyance-free and odor annoyance frequencies were based on a publically available calculator of odor impact derived from average odor emission rates, historical, and regional weather patterns, and dispersion modeling. Continuous monitoring of H2S was by single point monitors (SPM) at locations around the operations. Time-weighted average H2S concentrations were less than 10 ppb for odor annoyance-free frequencies, and less than 10 to at least 73 ppb for odor-annoyance frequencies. Verifying a proxy odor indicator can help update odor annoyance models and respond to site-specific concerns for existing facilities.

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“…The relative humidity of the air is high at different times of the year. Cowshed air quality is worse during the cold season [16][17][18][19]. This is due to the reduced ventilation intensity being too low to avoid low temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humidification–Cooling System in Semi-Insulated Box-Type Cowsheds Prevent the Loss of Milk Productivity Due to Thermal Stress

2022

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Heat stress is becoming an increasingly important problem in Lithuanian cowsheds. Microclimate formation systems were evaluated in the seven most popular cowsheds in Lithuania, with different wall and roof constructions, insulation, ventilation intensity controls, and one cowshed was additionally equipped with an air-cooling system—the air is cooled by spraying water droplets with a high pressure. In cowsheds equipped with fans to intensify the movement of air, the temperature does not fall below the outdoor temperature and the temperature humidity index (THI) is higher than outdoors. During the heat period, the THI rises to 82 and the cows get moderate thermal stress, which adversely affects feed intake and milk yield of dairy cows. In the cowshed, where the air humidification–cooling system is installed, the air temperature during heat is lower than the average in the field of 2.61 ± 0.74 °C. Although the relative humidity in the cowshed is on average 16.29 ± 4.12% wetter during heat than outside, the THI in the barn is lower than outside. The air temperature in this cowshed decreases by 3.17 ± 0.86 °C compared to cowsheds without an air humidification–cooling system. The air humidification–cooling system creates good conditions to reduce the conditions for cows to experience thermal stress. Further research is needed to optimize the amount of water spray and droplet size and increase the efficiency of the cooling system.

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Diurnal and seasonal variations of odor and gas emissions from a naturally ventilated free-stall dairy barn on the Canadian prairies

Cited by 11 publications

References 35 publications

Determination of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions from a commercial dairy farm with an exercise yard and the health-related impact for residents

Determination of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions from a commercial dairy farm with an exercise yard and the health-related impact for residents

Comparison of Hydrogen Sulfide Concentrations and Odor Annoyance Frequency Predictions Downwind from Livestock Facilities

Humidification–Cooling System in Semi-Insulated Box-Type Cowsheds Prevent the Loss of Milk Productivity Due to Thermal Stress

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