Diurnal and seasonal variation of topside ionospheric ion density over Indian region at solar minimum and solar maximum

Statistical investigation of the noise added to a model of the effect of solar activities on the plasma of the ionosphere using DEMETER satellite data

“…Like other ionospheric parameters, ionospheric ion composition densities and their temperature are influenced by terrestrial phenomena such as thunderstorms, lightning, sprites and probable seismic events as well as solar activities such as solar flares, geomagnetic storms, solar winds and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) (Kazimirovsky et al, 2003;Mangla et al, 2014;Pulinets and Liu, 2004;Rozhnoi et al, 2014;Sharma et al, 2004a;Sharma et al, 2004b). Over several decades, the comprehensive assessments of ionospheric perturbations associated with strong earthquakes have been a matter of debate among researchers (Liu et al, 2000).…”