Diurnal and Seasonal Variability of Gasoline-Related Volatile Organic Compound Emissions in Riverside, California

Gentner, Drew R.; Harley, Robert A.; Miller, Angela M.; Goldstein, Allen H.

doi:10.1021/es9006228

Cited by 111 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Therefore CO mixing ratio in the afternoon was lower than in the morning despite similar traffic volumes. In the late evening (21:00 to 00:00), there was a secondary peak in mixing ratios of primary pollutants from traffic even as traffic volume started to drop, again due to diminished vertical mixing leading to accumulation in the surface layer after sunset (Gentner et al, 2009).…”

Section: Average Diurnal Cyclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other studies monitored ambient temperature and wind speed to understand meteorological and mixing conditions, and changes in pollutant mixing ratios were found to correlate with these conditions. Gentner et al (2009) measured CO and VOC mixing ratios 1 km from a highway for 2-month-long periods in Riverside, California, in 2005. They attributed the minimum CO mixing ratios observed in the afternoon to increased mixing and dilution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-path measurements of pollutants and micrometeorology over Highway 401 in Toronto

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Traffic emissions contribute significantly to urban air pollution. Measurements were conducted over Highway 401 in Toronto, Canada, with a long-path Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer combined with a suite of micrometeorological instruments to identify and quantify a range of air pollutants. Results were compared with simultaneous in situ observations at a roadside monitoring station, and with output from a special version of the operational Canadian air quality forecast model (GEM-MACH). Elevated mixing ratios of ammonia (0-23 ppb) were observed, of which 76 % were associated with traffic emissions. Hydrogen cyanide was identified at mixing ratios between 0 and 4 ppb. Using a simple dispersion model, an integrated emission factor of on average 2.6 g km −1 carbon monoxide was calculated for this defined section of Highway 401, which agreed well with estimates based on vehicular emission factors and observed traffic volumes. Based on the same dispersion calculations, vehicular average emission factors of 0.04, 0.36, and 0.15 g km −1 were calculated for ammonia, nitrogen oxide, and methanol, respectively.

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Section: Average Diurnal Cyclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-path measurements of pollutants and micrometeorology over Highway 401 in Toronto

et al. 2017

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“…The temperature-independent i VOCR i has a mean value of 2.1 s −1 ; it is equal to the sum of temperatureindependent AVOCs, CO, 0.2 s −1 H 2 CO, and 0.15 s −1 temperature-dependent alkane i VOCR i . Light-duty vehicles are known to emit these molecules, the largest portion of this vehicular source (70-90 %) being temperatureindependent tailpipe emissions (Pierson et al, 1999;Rubin et al, 2006;Gentner et al, 2009). An aside: the temperature-dependent alkane i VOCR i category has been further divided into temperature-dependent and temperatureindependent components, henceforth associating the ∼y-intercept value of 0.15 s −1 ( Fig.…”

Section: Organic Reactivity and Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

On the temperature dependence of organic reactivity, nitrogen oxides, ozone production, and the impact of emission controls in San Joaquin Valley, California

et al. 2014

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Abstract. The San Joaquin Valley (SJV) experiences some of the worst ozone air quality in the US, frequently exceeding the California 8 h standard of 70.4 ppb. To improve our understanding of trends in the number of ozone violations in the SJV, we analyze observed relationships between organic reactivity, nitrogen oxides (NO x ), and daily maximum temperature in the southern SJV using measurements made as part of California at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change in 2010 (CalNex-SJV). We find the daytime speciated organic reactivity with respect to OH during CalNex-SJV has a temperature-independent portion with molecules typically associated with motor vehicles being the major component.Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. S. E. Pusede et al.: Temperature-dependent impacts of emission controlsAt high temperatures, characteristic of days with high ozone, the largest portion of the total organic reactivity increases exponentially with temperature and is dominated by small, oxygenated organics and molecules that are unidentified. We use this simple temperature classification to consider changes in organic emissions over the last and next decade. With the CalNex-SJV observations as constraints, we examine the sensitivity of ozone production (P O 3 ) to future NO x and organic reactivity controls. We find that P O 3 is NO x -limited at all temperatures on weekends and on weekdays when daily maximum temperatures are greater than 29 • C. As a consequence, NO x reductions are the most effective control option for reducing the frequency of future ozone violations in the southern SJV.

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“…Elemental carbon (EC) was measured by using an EC/OC monitor (Sunset Labs) (16). VOCs were measured by using a VOC gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS) (17). A full suite of meteorological parameters were also measured, including photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), which serves as an indication of sunlight.…”

Section: Measurement Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

In situ measurements of gas/particle-phase transitions for atmospheric semivolatile organic compounds

Williams

Goldstein²,

Kreisberg³

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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An understanding of the gas/particle-phase partitioning of semivolatile compounds is critical in determining atmospheric aerosol formation processes and growth rates, which in turn affect global climate and human health. The Study of Organic Aerosol at Riverside 2005 campaign was performed to gain a better understanding of the factors responsible for aerosol formation and growth in Riverside, CA, a region with high concentrations of secondary organic aerosol formed through the phase transfer of low-volatility reaction products from the oxidation of precursor gases. We explore the ability of the thermal desorption aerosol gas chromatograph (TAG) to measure gas-to-particle-phase transitioning for several organic compound classes (polar and nonpolar) found in the ambient Riverside atmosphere by using in situ observations of several hundred semivolatile organic compounds. Here we compare TAG measurements to modeled partitioning of select semivolatile organic compounds. Although TAG was not designed to quantify the vapor phase of semivolatile organics, TAG measurements do distinguish when specific compounds are dominantly in the vapor phase, are dominantly in the particle phase, or have both phases present. Because the TAG data are both speciated and time-resolved, this distinction is sufficient to see the transition from vapor to particle phase as a function of carbon number and compound class. Laboratory studies typically measure the phase partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds by using pure compounds or simple mixtures, whereas hourly TAG phase partitioning measurements can be made in the complex mixture of thousands of polar/nonpolar and organic/ inorganic compounds found in the atmosphere.gas chromatography | mass spectrometry | organic aerosol | phase partitioning | thermal desorption

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Diurnal and Seasonal Variability of Gasoline-Related Volatile Organic Compound Emissions in Riverside, California

Cited by 111 publications

References 12 publications

Long-path measurements of pollutants and micrometeorology over Highway 401 in Toronto

Long-path measurements of pollutants and micrometeorology over Highway 401 in Toronto

On the temperature dependence of organic reactivity, nitrogen oxides, ozone production, and the impact of emission controls in San Joaquin Valley, California

In situ measurements of gas/particle-phase transitions for atmospheric semivolatile organic compounds

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