Diurnal and seasonal variability of CO2 and CH4 concentration in a semi-urban environment of western India

Abstract

Amongst all the anthropogenically produced greenhouse gases (GHGs), carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) are the most important, owing to their maximum contribution to the net radiative forcing of the Earth. India is undergoing rapid economic development, where fossil fuel emissions have increased drastically in the last three decades. Apart from the anthropogenic activities, the GHGs dynamics in India are governed by the biospheric process and monsoon circulation; however, these aspects are not well addressed yet. Towards this, we have measured CO2 and CH4 concentration at Sinhagad, located on the Western Ghats in peninsular India. The average concentrations of CO2 and CH4 observed during the study period are 406.05 ± 6.36 and 1.97 ± 0.07 ppm (µ ± 1σ), respectively. They also exhibit significant seasonal variabilities at this site. CH4 (CO2) attains its minimum concentration during monsoon (post-monsoon), whereas CO2 (CH4) reaches its maximum concentration during pre-monsoon (post-monsoon). CO2 poses significant diurnal variations in monsoon and post-monsoon. However, CH4 exhibits a dual-peak like pattern in pre-monsoon. The study suggests that the GHG dynamics in the western region of India are significantly influenced by monsoon circulation, especially during the summer season.

Evaluation and Parameterization of Air Pollutants as A Function of Meteorological Parameters in Zakho City, Kurdistan Region -Iraq

“…The concentration of both CO and CO2 are very weak and have a positive correlation with RH, but O3 is negatively correlated to the RH, which means RH is correlated inversely to the concentration of pollutants since it controls the amount of absorption of pollutants. Similar findings have been seen in other studies (Metya et al, 2021;M. Li et al, 2021).…”

Isotopic and Concentration Analyses of CO2 and CH4 in Association With the Eddy‐Covariance Based Measurements in a Tropical Forest of Northeast India

“…In the two‐dimensional space of two leading principal components, we use the biplot technique (Gabriel, 1971) to describe the PCA result. This technique is often used for atmospheric applications (Ivanov & Evtimov, 2014; Lone et al., 2020) and GHG studies (Metya et al., 2021). The two axes in the biplot represent the first two principal components, and the arrow vectors describe the variables in this space.…”

Oxygen Production and Carbon Capturing Capacity of Various Tree Species in Coimbatore City, India

“…Where, AGB = Above Ground Biomass V = Volume of tree in m 3 D = Wood density of the tree species* *Wood density was obtained from the global wood density database [16]. The standard average density of 0.6 g/cm 3 is applied wherever the density value is not available for tree species. The Below Ground Biomass (BGB) was calculated by multiplying above-ground biomass with 0.26 as the root shoot ratio [14].…”

“…Major air pollutants in the urban area are carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter (PM 2.5 and PM 10 ), hydrocarbons (HC), oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) and other fuel exhaust [2]. Carbon dioxide, the most significant of all greenhouse gases (GHGs) has gradually increased since the commencement of the industrialization, from 280 ppm to 415 ppm [3] and it is expected to rise above the level of 480 ppm by 2050 [4]. World Bank estimates, China and India have CO 2 emissions of 7.5 Mg and 1.6 Mg per person in a year respectively, whereas the United States has 17.5 Mg [5].…”