Diuretic activity of the aqueous crude extract and hot tea infusion of <em>Moringa stenopetala </em>(Baker f.) Cufod. leaves in rats

Abstract

Moringa stenopetala (Baker f.) Cufod. is a medicinal plant that has been used for the treatment of different ailments such as hypertension and diabetes in Ethiopia. This study aims to assess the diuretic activity of the aqueous crude extract and hot tea infusion of M. stenopetala leaves in saline-loaded rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into ten groups (n = 5). The control group received distilled water (5 mL/kg), whereas the reference group received Furosemide (10 mg/kg). Groups III–X orally received different doses of aqueous crude extract (62.5, 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg) and hot tea infusion (1, 2, 4, and 6 teaspoons [Tsp]) based on community use. Urine volume was recorded every hour until the end of the 5th hour, and total urine volume of each animal was calculated. The diuretic activity and diuretic action were determined based on the urine output. Additionally, concentration of urinary sodium, chloride, and potassium ions was determined. The urinary Na+/K+ ratio and carbonyl anhydrase activity (Cl−/(Na+/K+)) were also assessed. The findings verified that the aqueous crude extract as well as the hot tea infusion of the leaves of M. stenopetala possesses significant (P < 0.01) diuretic, natriuretic, and kaliuretic effects. The aqueous crude extract (125 mg/kg) and hot tea infusion (2 Tsp) displayed the highest diuretic activity (101% and 96%, respectively) comparable to the reference drug, Furosemide (10 mg/kg). They also displayed a good natriuretic activity. The aqueous crude extract and hot tea infusion revealed a significant Na+ urinary excretion (P < 0.001) and Na+/K+ ratio (P < 0.05) at all test doses. There was also a significant (P < 0.01) Cl− urinary excretion at all test doses of aqueous crude extract except 62.5 mg/kg and all test doses of hot tea infusion except higher doses (4 and 6 Tsp). Thus, the aqueous crude extract as well as the hot tea infusion of the leaves of M. stenopetala causes a plausible increase in the urine volume and concentration of urinary electrolytes in rats.

Chemical composition and diuretic potential of the essential oil of <i>Cymbopogon densiflorus</i> (Steud.) Stapf. (Poaceae) in the mouse

“…In the mice given the EO, at the two doses, the ionic quotient is not between 0.8 and 1 as in the control mice. It is reported that substances that do not cause the ionic quotient between 0.8 and 1 inhibit carbonic anhydrase (Netsanet et al, 2017). However, the inhibition of carbonic anhydrase leads to the inhibition of the concomitant reabsorption of bicarbonates, sodium and chlorine, at the level of the proximal tubule.…”

Technical Report on the notification of leaf powder of Moringa stenopetala as a traditional food from a third country pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EU) 2015/2283

“…4-(R-L-rhamnopyranosyloxy)-benzylglucosinolate: 59.4±1.4 mg/g DW in young leaves and 33.9±0.9 4 mg/g DW in old leaves). Mekonnen and Drager (2003) Fekadu et al, 2017;Geleta et al, 2016b). Toma et al (2014) and Melesse et al (2017) also reported the presence of condensed tannins in either ethanol extracts or dried leaves of M. stenopetala (i.e.…”

Impact of food and drinks on urine production: A systematic review

“…Moringa leaf aqueous and hot tea extracts significantly increased UV, UNa + , UK + , and UCl − excretion compared with the control group. 15…”

“…A growing body of evidence, including several animal studies reported in the present systematic review, has refined and extended the concept of a diuretic index to more objectively appraise diuretic activity. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Specifically, the diuretic index is defined as ratio of urine excretion in a test group to a control group, wherein substances with a diuretic index >1.5, between 1-1.5, 0.72-1, and <0.72 have been described as having "good," "moderate," "mild," and "minimal/absent" diuretic activity, respectively. 15 Based on this assessment, food items such as wild raspberry, 12 goji berries, 13 moringa, 15 black cumin, 17 and Tulkarm honey 11 have shown good diuretic activity in animal studies.…”

“…10 However, preliminary evidence regarding the mechanistic relationship between individual foods, food constituents, and drinks may be extrapolated from clinically relevant animal studies, wherein a growing number of animal models have employed and refined a "diuretic index" (ie, ratio of urine excretion in a test group to a control group) to quantitatively assess diuretic activity. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Accordingly, this review aims to synthesise available evidence regarding the role of food, food constituents, and drinks on urine production in both humans and animals, which may be of direct clinical relevance in the first-line behavioural management of polyuria.…”