Dithiothreitol-based oxidative potential for airborne particulate matter: an estimation of the associated uncertainty

Molina, Carolina; Andrade, Catalina A; Manzano, Carlos; Toro, A Richard; Verma, Vishal; Leiva-Guzmán, Manuel A.

doi:10.1007/s11356-020-09508-3

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…However, cell-free assays fail to explain and predict physiological responses. OP cell-free assays are diverse [63] and include dithiothreitol (DTT) assay [64][65][66], ascorbic acid (AA) assay [67,68], glutathione (GSH) [69] and dichlorofluorescin (DCFH) assays [70,71] and electron spin (or paramagnetic) resonance (ESR) [72,73]. ESR measures the generation of ROS via electron spin resonance, while the DTT, GSH and AA assays measure the depletion rate of chemical proxies for cellular reductants (DTT) or antioxidants (AA), which is proportional to the generation rate of ROS.…”

Section: Oxidative Potential Measurement Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne Aerosols and Human Health: Leapfrogging from Mass Concentration to Oxidative Potential

Molina

Manzano

et al. 2020

Atmosphere

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The mass concentration of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) has been systematically used in epidemiological studies as an indicator of exposure to air pollutants, connecting PM concentrations with a wide variety of human health effects. However, these effects can be hardly explained by using one single parameter, especially because PM is formed by a complex mixture of chemicals. Current research has shown that many of these adverse health effects can be derived from the oxidative stress caused by the deposition of PM in the lungs. The oxidative potential (OP) of the PM, related to the presence of transition metals and organic compounds that can induce the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), could be a parameter to evaluate these effects. Therefore, estimating the OP of atmospheric PM would allow us to evaluate and integrate the toxic potential of PM into a unique parameter, which is related to emission sources, size distribution and/or chemical composition. However, the association between PM and particle-induced toxicity is still largely unknown. In this commentary article, we analyze how this new paradigm could help to deal with some unanswered questions related to the impact of atmospheric PM over human health.

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Section: Oxidative Potential Measurement Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne Aerosols and Human Health: Leapfrogging from Mass Concentration to Oxidative Potential

Molina

Manzano

et al. 2020

Atmosphere

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“…To assess the PM toxicity, we measured its oxidative potential with two commonly used acellular assays, which have the advantage of faster reading speed, lower price, less controlled environments and suitability for automation, in comparison with the cellular assays [13,16,17,[26][27][28]. One assay uses dithiothreitol (DTT) as a proxy of cellular reductants [29][30][31][32][33] and the other uses ascorbic acid (AA) as a chemical surrogate of physiological antioxidants in the respiratory tract lining fluids (RTLFs) [6,9,34,35]. Both assays measure the depletion rate of the target antioxidants DTT or AA, which is defined as the sample oxidative potential, as it is proportional to the generation rate of ROS [11,[13][14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal and Spatial Variations of PM10 and PM2.5 Oxidative Potential in Five Urban and Rural Sites across Lombardia Region, Italy

Pietrogrande

Demaria

Colombi

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Oxidative potential (OP) of particulate matter (PM) is gaining strong interest as a promising health exposure metric. This study investigated OP of a large set of PM10 and PM2.5 samples collected at five urban and background sites near Milan (Italy), one of the largest and most polluted urban areas in Europe, afflicted with high particle levels. OP responses from two acellular assays, based on ascorbic acid (AA) and dithiothreitol (DTT), were combined with atmospheric detailed composition to examine any possible feature in OP with PM size fraction, spatial and seasonal variations. A general association of volume-normalized OP with PM mass was found; this association may be related to the clear seasonality observed, whereby there was higher OP activity in wintertime at all investigated sites. Univariate correlations were used to link OP with the concentrations of the major chemical markers of vehicular and biomass burning emissions. Of the two assays, AA was particularly sensitive towards transition metals in coarse particles released from vehicular traffic. The results obtained confirm that the responses from the two assays and their relationship with atmospheric pollutants are assay- and location-dependent, and that their combination is therefore helpful to singling out the PM redox-active compounds driving its oxidative properties.

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“…However, the ascorbic acid (AA) and dithiothreitol (DTT) assays have emerged as potential standards to evaluate ROS and OP because of their relatively widespread use (Calas et al, 2017;Shirmohammadi et al, 2017;Yadav and Phuleria, 2020). However, due to the lack of standard operating procedures and calibrations, comparisons of OP measurements conducted by different laboratories is not advised, or at least should be done very cautiously (Janssen et al, 2014;Calas et al, 2018;Molina et al, 2020). OP is usually expressed in one of two ways: OP per volume of air (OP v ), or OP per PM mass (OP m ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking Switzerland's PM<sub>10 </sub>and PM<sub>2.5</sub> oxidative potential (OP) with emission sources

Grange

Uzu

Weber

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Abstract. Particulate matter (PM) is the air pollutant which causes the greatest deleterious heath effects across the world and PM is routinely monitored within air quality networks where PM mass according to its size, and sometimes number are reported. However, such measurements do not provide information on the biological toxicity of PM. Oxidative potential (OP) is a complementary metric which aims to classify PM in respect to its oxidising ability in lungs and is being increasingly reported due to its assumed relevance concerning human health. Between June, 2018 and May, 2019, an intensive filter-based PM sampling campaign was conducted across Switzerland in five locations which involved the quantification of a large number of PM constituents and OP for both PM10 and PM2.5. OP was quantified by three assays: ascorbic acid (AA), dithiothreitol (DTT), and dichlorofluorescein (DCFH). OPv (OP by air volume) was found to be variable in time and space with Bern-Bollwerk, an urban-traffic sampling site having the greatest levels of OPv among the Swiss sites (especially when considering ), with more rural locations such as Payerne experiencing lower OPv. However, urban-background and suburban sites did experience significant OPv enhancement, as did the rural Magadino-Cadenazzo site during wintertime because of high levels of wood smoke. The mean OP ranges for the sampling period were: 0.4–4.1, 0.6–3.0, and 0.3–0.7 nmol min−1 m−3 for the , , and respectively. A source allocation method using positive matrix factorisation (PMF) models indicated that although all PM10 and PM2.5 sources which were identified contributed to OPv on average, the anthropogenic road traffic and wood combustion sources had the greatest OPm potency (OP per PM mass). A dimensionality reduction procedure coupled to multiple linear regression modelling consistently identified a handful of metals usually associated with non-exhaust emissions, namely: copper, zinc, iron, tin, antimony and somewhat manganese and cadmium as well as three specific wood burning-sourced organic tracers – levoglucosan, mannosan, and galactosan (or their metal substitutes: rubidium and potassium) were the most important PM components to explain and predict OPv. The combination of a metal and a wood burning specific tracer led to the best performing linear models to explain OPv. Interestingly, within the non-exhaust and wood combustion emission groups, the exact choice of component was not critical, the models simply required a variable to be present to represent the emission source or process. The modelling process also showed that may be a more specific metric for OP than the other assays employed in this work. This analysis strongly suggests that the anthropogenic and locally emitted road traffic and wood burning sources should be prioritised, targeted, and controlled to gain the most efficacious decrease in OPv, and presumably biological harm reductions in Switzerland.

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Dithiothreitol-based oxidative potential for airborne particulate matter: an estimation of the associated uncertainty

Cited by 21 publications

References 49 publications

Airborne Aerosols and Human Health: Leapfrogging from Mass Concentration to Oxidative Potential

Airborne Aerosols and Human Health: Leapfrogging from Mass Concentration to Oxidative Potential

Seasonal and Spatial Variations of PM10 and PM2.5 Oxidative Potential in Five Urban and Rural Sites across Lombardia Region, Italy

Linking Switzerland's PM<sub>10 </sub>and PM<sub>2.5</sub> oxidative potential (OP) with emission sources

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Dithiothreitol-based oxidative potential for airborne particulate matter: an estimation of the associated uncertainty

Cited by 21 publications

References 49 publications

Airborne Aerosols and Human Health: Leapfrogging from Mass Concentration to Oxidative Potential

Airborne Aerosols and Human Health: Leapfrogging from Mass Concentration to Oxidative Potential

Seasonal and Spatial Variations of PM10 and PM2.5 Oxidative Potential in Five Urban and Rural Sites across Lombardia Region, Italy

Linking Switzerland's PM&lt;sub&gt;10 &lt;/sub&gt;and PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; oxidative potential (OP) with emission sources

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Linking Switzerland's PM<sub>10 </sub>and PM<sub>2.5</sub> oxidative potential (OP) with emission sources