Dithiadiazafulvalenes-New Strong Electron Donors. Synthesis, Isolation, Properties, and EPR Studies

Tormos, Gregory V.; Bakker, Martin G.; Wang, Ping; Lakshmikantham, M. V.; Cava, Michael P.; Metzger, Robert M.

doi:10.1021/ja00138a006

Cited by 55 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…erials (1)(2)(3)(4). On the one hand, due to their high electron donor properties, DTDAFs reduce almost all the traditional acceptors used in this research area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Sequential Nitrogen Substitution on the Redox Properties of Bis(thiazolylidene)hydrazine and on the Charge Transfer of TCNQ Complexes

Guérin

Lorcy

Carlier

et al. 2002

Journal of Solid State Chemistry

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“…erials (1)(2)(3)(4). On the one hand, due to their high electron donor properties, DTDAFs reduce almost all the traditional acceptors used in this research area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Sequential Nitrogen Substitution on the Redox Properties of Bis(thiazolylidene)hydrazine and on the Charge Transfer of TCNQ Complexes

Guérin

Lorcy

Carlier

et al. 2002

Journal of Solid State Chemistry

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“…The improved stability of TTF‐1 based device may be attributed to its merits. First, TTF‐1 has a proper HOHO level of −5.0 eV with respect to vacuum level, matching well with the HOHO of MAPbI 3 (−5.44 eV), thereby making sure large drive force for hole transfer from perovskite to counter electrode. Second, the strong S–S interactions generated by neighboring conjugated units and internal π–π stacking contributed to their efficient hole conductivity as well as stable chemical structures, and Miskiewicz also reported the highest hole mobility of 0.1 cm 2 V −1 s −1 for TTF‐1 .…”

Section: Strategies For Enhancing the Stability Of Devicesmentioning

confidence: 79%

Recent Challenges in Perovskite Solar Cells Toward Enhanced Stability, Less Toxicity, and Large‐Area Mass Production

Liu

et al. 2019

Adv Materials Inter

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inexhaustible features. It is well known that solar cells can absorb photons from sunlight, resulting in electron-hole pairs, which would be segmented by the built-in electric field at the interface of two different semiconductors. As a result, the electric current would be produced and the solar energy is converted to electric energy. Up to now, the development of solar cells can be roughly categorized into four types based on their basic forming materials. For the first type, solar cells are mostly made of single crystal silicon, polycrystalline silicon, and noncrystalline silicon. The configuration of these cells is normally based on the p-i-n junction, showing a superior photoelectrical conversion efficiency (PCE) up to about 25.6% (Panasonic, Japan). [33] However, the manufacturing cost is very high due to complicated crafting and high purity demand. Furthermore, the by-product of silicon is hazardous to the environment. Scientists thereby keep looking for alternatives that can offer even better efficiency and are environmentally friendly. The second type refers to the inorganic solar cells that are made of CdS, CdTe, GaAs, and CuIn(Ga)Se films. The highest PCE of such type of cells were reported to be 21.7% (ZSW, Germany). [33] Although this value is close to the performance of Si-based solar cells, the use of rare elements (Ga, Te, Se) and highly toxic Cd makes it to be hard for further developments. The third type of solar cells are the organic photovoltaic cells (OPCs), which are made of magnesium phthalocyanine (MgPc)-based materials, in which the electron-hole pairs are stimulated by the organic p-i-n junction, giving the PCE of about ≈10.6%. [34] In addition to this unsatisfactory PCE, OPCs were also reported to have a short lifetime due to their poor stability. The fourth type of solar cells is the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), which are typically consisted of organic dyes, TiO 2 electron absorber layer, and I − /I 3 − -based liquid electrolyte. The highest PCE of DSSCs only reach about 13%, [35] and the leakage of liquid electrolyte is still unsolved. By considering all the factors mentioned above, currently, the Si-based solar cells still dominate the market over the other three types.Recently, the emerging organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite (CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 ) solar cells (PSCs) have challenged this monopoly status. Owing to the strong absorption coefficient, long charge diffusion length, fast charge migration rate, and small excitation binding energy (50 meV), the PCE of PSCs has been recently enhanced from 3.8% to 22.1%, [36] In recent years, organic-inorganic halide perovskites have emerged as prospective materials for high-efficiency, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Despite their superiority in synthesizing route, the poor stability of PSCs with regard to humidity, heat, UV radiation, and oxygen limits their applications. Moreover, the toxicity of perovskite films and suitable ways to achieve large-area production need to be taken into accou...

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“…Small‐molecule HTMs have been used extensively for electron blocking and hole transport due to their defined molecular weights, easy modification, low cost, simple purification, and superior film‐forming capabilities …”

Section: Htmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A solution to this problem was provided by Liu et al., who recommended sulfur‐containing HTMs as a substitute to nitrogen‐containing HTMs due to their long π conjugation. Tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) exhibits a HOMO level at −5.0 eV, which matches that of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 (−5.4 eV) . TTF also hasa strong electron‐donating ability and tuning of the energy levels is easy due to facile substitution at the 2‐,3‐,6‐, and 7‐positions.…”

Section: Htmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hole‐Transporting Materials for Perovskite‐Sensitized Solar Cells

et al. 2016

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Organolead halide perovskites have attracted much interest from the scientific community in the past four years towards potential photovoltaic applications. A record efficiency of 20.1 % was reported in 2014. Some variation in efficiency is observed when the hole‐transporting material (HTM) used in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is altered. This Review emphasizes the importance of HTMs as a means to elevate the already superior device performance to a new status. A basic introduction to perovskites as materials for photovoltaics is first provided. A plethora of HTMs used for the fabrication of these cells are then presented and the nuances of their chemistry are analyzed in detail. Finally, on the basis of the Review of HTMs, strategies that can be employed for synthesizing the “perfect” HTM for PSCs are discussed.

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Dithiadiazafulvalenes-New Strong Electron Donors. Synthesis, Isolation, Properties, and EPR Studies

Cited by 55 publications

References 0 publications

Influence of Sequential Nitrogen Substitution on the Redox Properties of Bis(thiazolylidene)hydrazine and on the Charge Transfer of TCNQ Complexes

Influence of Sequential Nitrogen Substitution on the Redox Properties of Bis(thiazolylidene)hydrazine and on the Charge Transfer of TCNQ Complexes

Recent Challenges in Perovskite Solar Cells Toward Enhanced Stability, Less Toxicity, and Large‐Area Mass Production

Hole‐Transporting Materials for Perovskite‐Sensitized Solar Cells

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